Evaluation of alveolar ridge bend and length in upper and lower jaws in anthropological skulls for planning of a series of endosseous dental implants.

The alveolar ridge bend and length were measured in the interforaminal part of the upper and lower jaws in 338 anthropological skulls. Interforaminal sections were determined by projection of the most medial points of the two foramina infraorbitale and foramina mentale at right angles to the alveolar ridge bends. Interforaminal arch lengths and radii of the circles that best fit the arches were analyzed with the use of celluloid transparencies. The differences between female and male group samples and the left and right sides were established. The data were processed by computer and were used for the development of a series of endosseous dental implants to satisfy various anatomical conditions.

[Angle of inclination of the frontal surfaces in the axis of the lateral incisors and first lower premolars]. / A fogmedernyúlványok frontfelszíneinek dölésszöge a második metszöfogak és az elsö alsó premolárisok tengelyében.

The angular offset of the tooth bed extensions of the upper jawbone and the mandible were evaluated in case of 280 intact skulls processed according to anthropological aspects (of 137 male, 116 female and 27 undeterminable genous). The angle measurements were carried out by goniometer between the alveolar edge of the tooth bed extensions and the root peak part, in reletion to the vertical straight at right angle to the Frankfurt horizontal plane, in the axis I. 2 on the upper jawbone, in I.2 on the mandible and in P.1. No significant differences were found between the measures either of males and females or of the right and left side. The offset angle of the front surface of the tooth bed extension showed an average value of -12.1 degrees on the maxilla in the axis I.2, 6.1 degrees on the mandible in the axis I.2 and 2.9 degrees in the P.1 axis. The data should be used for planning enossal dental implants.

[Comparative measurements of right and left branches of the mandible]. / Az állkapocs néhány jobb és bal oldali méretének összehasonlító vizsgálata.

Eighteen pairs of mandible measures were evaluated according to sex on europide skulls coming from south-eastern Hungarian cemeteries of the X-XII., centuries in order to disclose possible measure differences between the left and right side. Only a single measure, the smallest sagittal diameter of the collume mandibulae showed significant difference between both sides which was observed in both groups of men and women. The percentual relative frequencies according to which the 18 measures were equal on the left and right side (within 1 millimeter measuring error) changed between 39.9% and 82.0% (average 58.6%) with men, and between 45.9% and 83.2% (average 59.6%) with women. The examined measures proved to be greater on the right side by 3.2% with men and by 4.6% with women.

[Average measurements of the mandibular corpus in the planning of jaw replacement]. / A mandibula corpus néhány átlag mérete állkapocspótlások tervezéséhez.

The height and thicknesses of the mandible corpus at the level of foramen mentales, the thicknesses of the mandible base at 3 millimeters from the lower edge of the mandible base, the projection length of the mandible corpus and the angulus mandibulae were evaluated on jaws coming from 368 anthropological collections. No significant differences were found between the measures of the right and left side. The differences between corresponding data of men and women proved to be significant. The authors intend to use the data for designing and preparing jaw replacement models.

Asymmetry of mandibular dimensions in European skulls.

Eighteen mandibular dimensions (mm) in sex-determined, 10th-12th-century European skulls from burial sites in South-Eastern Hungary were examined to discover whether differences exist between the right and left sides. There was a statistically significant difference in only one dimension, the smallest sagittal diameter of the mandibular neck, in both males and females. The frequencies with which the various 18 dimensions were identical between right and left sides ranged from 39.9% to 82.0% in males, and from 45.9% to 83.2% in females. The examined individual dimensions appeared to be smaller on the right side in 7.0% to 33.7% (mean 19.1%) of the male cases, and in 7.1% to 29.9% (mean 17.9%) of the females, while the right side was larger in 7.7% to 50.9% (mean 22.3%) of the males and in 7.9% to 54.3% (mean 22.5%) of the females. In conclusion, asymmetry of the left and right sides was found between the measured individual mandibular dimensions on average in 41.4% of the males and 40.4% of the females.

Statistical investigation of mandibular dimensions for the planning of a series of mandibular corpus replacements.

The mandibular corpus height, the width measured at the height of the foramina mental and at a distance of 3 mm from the base, the mandibular corpus length and the mandibular angle were examined in 368 (185 male, 167 female, and 34 uncertain) intact, European anthropologic skulls. The differences between the left and right sides and the two sexes were evaluated. No significant difference was found between the two sides. The differences between males and females did prove statistically significant, but was considered unimportant with regard to the aim of planning a series of mandibular prostheses. The experimental data were broken down into five classes, and the class medians were taken to be the dimensions for the replacements. For a five-piece series, the relative percentage distribution of the class medians suggests the following proportions for production (mean -2SD and mean +2SD 6%, mean -SD and mean +SD 25% and mean 38%). Mandibles with these average dimensions can be chosen from the anthropologic collection, wax models of which may facilitate the planning of a series of mandibular corpus prostheses.

[Planning a replacement for the mandibular condyle based on anthropologic findings]. / Allkapocsfejecs pótlások tervezése embertani leletekröl felvett adatok alapján.

The sizes of the bilateral capitulum of 467 jaws coming a paleoanthropological collection were evaluated by computer and statistically processed. No essential size differences were found between the right and the left side. Deviations between groups of men and women proved to be significant from a statistical point of view. However, practically, they were found insignificant for composing average jaw capitulum series of five pieces. The data help to design jaw capitulum prostheses and the making of their wax models.

[Evaluation of the alveolar curvature and the length of the mandibular ridge on skulls several hundred years old]. / Allcsontgerinc ívek alveoláris görbület és hossz értékelése több száz éves koponya mintákon.

The alveolar curvature and the length of the curvature of the upper and lower jaw bone ridge of 338 skulls from an anthropological collection were examined with special regard to sex and side differences for designing dental implantation and jaw bone replacements. The corresponding mean values of men and women deviate at a level of 5% significance. However, in view of practical viewpoints, the difference is not significant. Data revealed that deviations of the right and left side do not exceed 1 millimeter, the jaw bone halves may be considered symmetrical. The mean value of the alveolar curvature length is 58.5 millimeters on the upper jaw bone ridge while it is 48.1 millimeter on the lower one. The lower and the upper jaw bone ridge curvature may be characterized by a circle having a radius of average 24.3 millimeter. When making implantations it seems to be advantageous to make orders of magnitude of 6, 25, 38, 25 and 6% in relation to the total number of pieces from sizes corresponding to the five class moddles.

[Use of an osteometer in the planning of a mandibular prosthesis]. / Osteométer alsó állcsontpótlások tervezéséhez.

For series determining of small dimensions at high accuracy a pistollike measuring instrument has been devised which is well suitable for planning mandible prostheses, for instance for obtaining the with dimensions of the mandibula corpus basalis or for example for determining the mesio distal diameter of the teeth.