[Diagnostic value of enzyme immunoassay test for the detection of specific IgM antibodies to measles virus].

The diagnostic value of enzyme immunoassay systems manufactured by different companies was comparatively studied to detect specific IgM antibodies to measles virus. The assay systems were shown to have a high sensitivity. The specificity was higher in the assay systems designed on the capture principle, a type of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.

[Antibacterial acitivity of the peptide complex isolated from the preparation of leukocytic interferon].

A complex of low-molecular cationic peptides having an anti-bacterial effect with respect to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was isolated from the preparation of leukocytic interferon. The antibacterial action of the peptide complex was experimentally studied in vitro. The study revealed that the degree of the antibacterial activity of the peptide complex depended on the concentration of the bacterial culture under study, the ionic power of the incubation medium and did not depend on the presence of the products of bacterial vital activity in the growth medium. The antibacterial action of the peptide complex on the test cultures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as on the cultures of bacteria isolated from patients with infectious inflammatory diseases of the organs of the urinary system, was established. These results opened prospects for the development of fundamentally new antibacterial preparation on the basis of the peptide complex obtained in our studies.

[Interferon therapy of infectious diseases: the state of the problem and prospects].

The data contained in literature and obtained in our own investigations, aimed at the evaluation of the significance of interferon preparations for the correction of immunological disturbances are presented. A special place is given to the role of mild medicinal forms of interferon, the necessity of their use is grounded and good prospects for their inclusion into the complex therapy of infectious diseases are shown.

[Characterization of antirubella vaccine in an epidemiological trial]. / Kharakteristika vaktsiny protiv krasnukhi v épidemiologicheskom opyte.

The work was aimed at the evaluation of the antigenic activity and reactogenicity of antirubella vaccine, manufactured by the Serum Institute of India, on the basis of the active observation of 373 children. Vaccinal reactions were registered in 8.8% of the vaccinees. Seroconversion after the injection of the vaccine was 100%. The results of the epidemiological trial demonstrated that the Indian antirubella vaccine was faintly reactogenic and had high antigenic activity.

[Comparative evaluation of neurovirulence of domestic and foreign live mumps vaccine]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka neirovirulentnosti otechestvennoi i zarubezhnykh zhivykh parotitnykh vaktsin.

Morphological and immunofluorescent study of changes in the central nervous system of monkeys with mumps was carried out in order to determine the criteria of neurovirulence of different mumps virus strains. Quantitative evaluation showed a lower residual neurovirulence of L-3 strain vs. Jeryl Lynn and Urabe Am9 strains. Use of new methodological approaches to evaluation of mumps vaccine strain neurovirulence will improve the safety control of live mumps vaccines.

Rubella in the Russian Federation: epidemiological features and control measures to prevent the congenital rubella syndrome.

A review of the epidemiology of clinical rubella in the Perm region of the Russian Federation from 1979-97 showed that the incidence was about 220 cases per 100,000 population. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) accounted for 15% of birth defects and for about 3.5 cases of CRS per 1000 live births per year. Surveys of the seroepidemiology of rubella infection revealed that the susceptibility rate among pregnant women (i.e. rubella virus antibody haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay titres < 10) was 16.5%. As serum rubella antibody HAI titres > or = 10 both prevented infection in pregnant women and protected their foetuses, serological testing has been introduced into the routine antenatal services. Pre-existing rubella antibodies were found not to interfere with the immune response to vaccination, so selective immunization was provided to girls approaching puberty and to women of childbearing age. A programme of epidemiological surveillance is being developed to define tactics for the widescale introduction of rubella vaccination.

[Rubella in Russia: the detection of congenital rubella and the vaccination strategy and procedures]. / Krasnukha v Rossii: vyiavlenie vrozhdennoi krasnukhi, strategiia i taktika vaktsinatsii.

The work on the evaluation of the role of rubella infection in the development of congenital malformations in newborn infants, as well as the immunogenic activity and tolerability of live attenuated vaccine Rudivax (Pasteur Mérieux Connaught) was carried out in the process of selective immunization in the Perm region. The study made it possible to find out 15% of malformations in the structure of the congenital pathology of newborn infants, which appeared due to the infection of the fetus with rubella virus and were manifested by multiple development defects, congenital C.N.S. defects and valvular defects. The results of using vaccine Rudivax in the epidemiological trial demonstrated that the vaccine had high immunological activity and was well tolerated. The absence of postvaccinal complications after the injection of the live vaccine and the absence of the extinction of immunity in the presence antibodies were indicative of the possibility vaccination without preliminary serological examination.

[Study and assessment of the antigenic activity and reactivity of rubella vaccine]. / Izuchenie i otsenka antigennoi aktivnosti i reaktogennosti krasnushnoi vaktsiny.

A total of 3422 adolescent girls and women of a reproductive age were vaccinated against rubella with French vaccine. Antigenic activity and reactogenicity of the vaccine were assessed in 97 girls, 100% seroconversion and weak reactogenicity was observed in seronegative vaccinees.

[Comparative study of methods for determining antibodies to measles virus]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie metodov opredeleniia antitel k virusu kori.

The authors have developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting antimeasles antibodies in the serum and compared it to routine methods. Preparation and purification of measles virus antigen used in EIA and optimal conditions of the reaction are described. Results of the routine methods and those of EIA correlated. EIA was used to determine titers of antimeasles antibodies in the sera of vaccinated children. 3-4 years after the vaccination the antibodies were undetectable in the sera of 23% of children.

[Comparative testing of live measles vaccines manufactured in France, Japan, and Russia]. / Sravnitel'nye ispytaniia zhivykh korevykh vaktsin proizvodstva Frantsii, Iaponii i Rossii.

Live measles vaccines prepared from different strains in France, Japan, and Russia were compared at the L. A. Tarasevich State Institute for Standardization and Control of Viral Preparations. Clinical reactions to the tested vaccines were studied in 181 children seronegative before vaccination. Vaccinal reactions to French, Japanese, and Russian were observed in 24.2, 26.5, and 5.9% vaccinees, respectively. The French and Russian vaccines virtually did not differ by the level of seroconversion (96 and 98.1%, respectively). For the Japanese vaccine the level of sero-conversion was lower: 91.6%. The mean titers of antibodies in vaccinees immunized with the French, Japanese, and Russian vaccines were, respectively, 7.36 +/- 0.91, 2.07 +/- 0.42, and 4.40 +/- 0.42 IU.

[Evaluation of the reactivity and antigenic activity of the live measles vaccine, Leningrad-16, in different regions]. / Otsenka reaktogennosti i anigennoi aktivnosti zhivoi korevoi vaktsiny Leningrad-16 v razlichnykh regionakh.

The reactogenicity and antigenic activity of live measles vaccine prepared from strain Leningrad-16 were assessed for 4 territories, two of which were exposed to radiation contamination as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The study was carried out at the L. A. Tarasevich State Institute for Standardization and Control of Viral Preparations. The vaccine was weakly reactogenic in all the regions; no grave or uncommon reactions to its administration were observed. Serologic studies revealed a high antigenic activity of the vaccine. The level of seroconversion was estimated as 98.5%. The study failed to detect any appreciable effect of radiation contamination on the tolerance to vaccine or level of immune response.

[A morphological and immunofluorescent study of the measles vaccinal process in an experiment on monkeys]. / Morfologicheskoe i immunofliuorestsentnoe issledovanie korevogo vaktsinal'nogo protsessa v éksperimente na obez'ianakh.

A correlation between localization of morphological lesions and the presence of viral antigen in the CNS was established. Dissemination of the infectious process in the CNS depended on both topography of the inoculated areas and more so on traumatic injury of the ventricular system. Viral antigen could be detected in the reticuloendothelial system and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract without inducing specific cytopathic changes. Simultaneous morphological and immunofluorescent examination allowed the safety of live measles vaccine to be established more accurately.

[Methodological approaches to creating a liposomal form of human recombinant alpha 2-interferon]. / Metodichesie podkhody k sozdaniiu liposomal'noi formy chelovecheskogo rekombinantnogo al'fa 2-interferona.

The authors have obtained several variants of liposomal forms of human alpha 2-interferon. The forms intended to preserve antiviral activity with regard to the methods of liposomal formation were comparatively studied. It has been found that liposomal formation through stirring caused no decrease in antiviral activity.

[The sensitizing properties of the ballast admixtures in human leukocyte interferon]. / Izuchenie sensibiliziruiushchikh svoistv ballastnykh primesei chelovecheskogo leikotsitarnogo interferona.

Due to the features of its production technology, human leukocyte interferon (HLI) for intranasal administration is likely to contain ovalbumin (OA). Commercial batches of HLI were tested for the presence of OA responsible for the sensitizing effect of HLI given intranasally. The content of OA in commercial batches of HLI was shown to vary widely and to exceed by far the concentrations having the sensitizing effect. As a result of these studies, the upper limit of OA content was established and the technology of HLI production was modified. These measures permitted production of commercial batches of HLI with OA content not exceeding 0.05 micrograms/ml.