Prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non-motor sports athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As the popularity of sports activities grows, so do the number of sport-related injuries. Furthermore, sports that use equipment or vehicles that modify the speed of the player can present more serious injuries. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the overall prevalence of orofacial trauma in wheeled non-motor sports athletes. METHODS: The search strategy was applied in eight electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Web of Science). Additionally, a complementary search of the gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), reference lists of included articles, and studies indicated by experts on the subject was done. The included articles were observational studies with sufficient data of orofacial trauma (type and anatomical site) in wheeled non-motor sport athletes, regardless of the competition level. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The meta-analysis was performed using R Statistics software, and the strength of cumulative evidence was assessed by The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS: From 4042 identified studies, after the removal of duplicates and phase one of selection (title and abstracts screening), 251 studies remained for phase two (full-text screening). Five articles were finally included. One study was considered to have a low risk of bias and four had a moderate risk of bias. The cumulative prevalence of orofacial injuries in wheeled non-motor sport athletes was 21.7% (CI: 8.7-34.7; I2 :97.6%) and the prevalence of dental injuries in these sports was 7.5% (CI:4.3-10.7; I2 :61.9%). The certainty in cumulative evidence was considered to be very low. CONCLUSION: About 22% of the wheeled non-motor sport athletes have suffered orofacial injuries. The most prevalent type of injury was classified as dental trauma.

Effectiveness of virtual reality in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the main causes of disability in childhood. Virtual reality (VR) has been used as a treatment option in this population, however its effectiveness is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of VR in patients with CP. METHODS: We conducted electronic searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, PEDro, AMED, PsycoINFO, and LILACS databases and trial site registries such as ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP. We included randomized controlled trials that tested the use of VR alone or in combination with other interventions compared to more conventional rehabilitation or usual care in individuals with CP. The primary outcomes were upper and lower limb function, postural control, and balance. The secondary outcomes included global motor function, perception, cognition and spatial functions, motivation, motor learning, and adverse events. Two independent reviewers extracted and assessed included articles for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We use a meta-analysis with random effect model whenever possible. We analyzed the quality of evidence using theGRADE approach. RESULTS: We included 38 trials (pooled n = 1233 participants) in this review. There is very low quality of evidence that VR plus conventional rehabilitation is better than conventional rehabilitation for upper limb function. There is also very low quality evidence that VR alone is no better than conventional rehabilitation for upper and lower limb function. No adverse events were observed among the 10 trials that provided information on this outcome. CONCLUSION: At present we have very limited to limited confidence in effect estimation for utilization of VR in this population. Future studies may change our confidence in results and effect estimates. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD 42018102759.

Percepção de Alunos de Curso de Graduação em Medicina sobre o Team-Based Learning (TBL) / Undergraduate Medical Students' Views on Team-Based Learning (TBL)

RESUMO O Team-Based Learning (TBL) é uma estratégia educacional baseada em aprendizagem ativa que se tornou uma proposta pedagógica alternativa importante no contexto dos métodos de ensino utilizados em educação médica. A proposta do presente trabalho foi avaliar a percepção dos alunos sobre o uso da metodologia TBL em curso de graduação em Medicina e analisar os diferentes aspectos da aplicação desse método de ensino em relação à forma tradicional de ensino utilizada na maior parte dos cursos de Medicina no País. Foi aplicado um questionário específico aos alunos com oito questões e respostas dicotomizadas (escala de Likert com cinco itens). Durante o mês de junho de 2017, alunos do curso de graduação em Medicina (quarto e sétimo períodos) foram submetidos a várias sessões de ensino com o método TBL na Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS) com os temas sepse, trauma, leucemia, câncer colorretal e câncer de pulmão. A amostra foi calculada em 193 participantes, considerando uma precisão relativa de 10% e um nível de significância de 5% para uma estimativa de 70% de respostas positivas (concordo e concordo firmemente) para a afirmação "Esse TBL teve um impacto positivo no meu aprendizado". A análise foi realizada com cálculo de estatística descritiva e das frequências relativas e absolutas de respostas com intervalo de confiança de 95% para cada ponto estimado. A utilização do método foi percebida como favorável nos aspectos de preferência (em relação à aula expositiva tradicional), motivação, satisfação e aprendizado. O TBL se destacou como um método pedagógico excelente para a aprendizagem em alunos do curso de Medicina. Uma das vantagens foi a capacidade de desenvolver habilidades em raciocínio clínico e a possibilidade de construir o conhecimento com sua utilização prática. O método ativo apareceu, dessa forma, como uma importante alternativa de metodologia se comparada ao método tradicional.

ABSTRACT Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an educational strategy based on active learning which has become an important alternative pedagogical proposal in the context of teaching methods used in medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' perceptions about the use of the TBL methodology in Medical School and to analyze the different aspects of the application of this teaching method. A specific questionnaire was applied to the students with 8 questions and dichotomized answers (Likert scale with 5 items). During the month of June 2017 second and fourth year undergraduate medical students underwent several sessions of teaching with the TBL method at the Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS) with focus on the following themes: sepsis; trauma; leukemia; colorectal cancer; and lung cancer. The sample was calculated on 193 participants considering a relative precision of 10% and a statistical significance of 5% for an estimate of 70% of positive responses (strongly agree and agree) to the statement "This TBL had a positive impact on my learning". The analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and the relative and absolute frequencies of responses with a 95% confidence interval for each estimated point. The use of the method was perceived as positive in aspects of preference (regarding the traditional expository class), motivation, satisfaction and learning. TBL stood out as an excellent pedagogical method for learning among medical students. One of the advantages was the ability to develop skills in clinical reasoning and the possibility of building knowledge with its practical use. The active method was thus found to be an important methodological alternative when compared to the traditional method.

Effectiveness of different accelerated partial breast irradiation techniques for the treatment of breast cancer patients: Systematic review using indirect comparisons of randomized clinical trials.

AIM: This systematic review was conducted to compare the effectiveness of different accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) techniques for the treatment of breast cancer patients. BACKGROUND: Numerous (APBI) techniques are available for clinical practice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of APBI versus whole breast irradiation (WBI). The data from APBI studies were extracted for the analyses. Indirect comparisons were used to compare different APBI techniques. RESULTS: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 4343 patients were included, most of them with tumor stage T1-T2 and N0. Regarding APBI techniques, six trials used external beam radiation therapy; one intraoperative electrons; one intraoperative low-energy photons; one brachytherapy; and one external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy. The indirect comparisons related to 5-years local control and 5-years overall survival were not significantly different between APBI techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Based on indirect comparisons, no differences in clinical outcomes were observed among diverse APBI techniques in published clinical trials that formally compared WBI to APBI. However wide confidence intervals and high risk of inconsistency precluded a sound conclusion. Further head-to-head clinical trials comparing different APBI techniques are required to confirm our findings. Studies comparing different techniques using individual participant data and/or real-life data from population-based studies/registries could also provide more robust results.

Effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting in the management of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting (CHOC) in the treatment of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of randomized studies that compared CHOC with general dietary advice in adult patients with DM1. The primary outcomes were changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), quality of life, and episodes of severe hypoglycemia. We searched the following electronic databases: Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The quality of evidence was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: A total of 3,190 articles were identified, and two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts. From the 15 potentially eligible studies, five were included, and 10 were excluded because of the lack of randomization or different control/intervention groups. Meta-analysis showed that the final HbA1c was significantly lower in the CHOC group than in the control group (mean difference, random, 95% CI: -0.49 (-0.85, -0.13), p = 0.006). The meta-analysis of severe hypoglycemia and quality of life did not show any significant differences between the groups. According to the GRADE, the quality of evidence for severe hypoglycemia, quality of life, and change in HbA1c was low, very low, and moderate, respectively. CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis showed evidence favoring the use of CHOC in the management of DM1. However, this benefit was limited to final HbA1c, which was significantly lower in the CHOC than in the control group.

Effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting in the management of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting (CHOC) in the treatment of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review of randomized studies that compared CHOC with general dietary advice in adult patients with DM1. The primary outcomes were changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), quality of life, and episodes of severe hypoglycemia. We searched the following electronic databases: Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The quality of evidence was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: A total of 3,190 articles were identified, and two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts. From the 15 potentially eligible studies, five were included, and 10 were excluded because of the lack of randomization or different control/intervention groups. Meta-analysis showed that the final HbA1c was significantly lower in the CHOC group than in the control group (mean difference, random, 95% CI: −0.49 (-0.85, −0.13), p = 0.006). The meta-analysis of severe hypoglycemia and quality of life did not show any significant differences between the groups. According to the GRADE, the quality of evidence for severe hypoglycemia, quality of life, and change in HbA1c was low, very low, and moderate, respectively. Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed evidence favoring the use of CHOC in the management of DM1. However, this benefit was limited to final HbA1c, which was significantly lower in the CHOC than in the control group.

Rituximab Effectiveness and Safety for Treating Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands and internal organs. pSS leads to destruction and loss of secretory function due to intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Therapeutic options include mainly symptomatic and supportive measures, and traditional immunosuppressant drugs have shown no effectiveness in randomized trials. Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric antibody anti-CD20 that leads to B cell depletion by diverse mechanisms. There is evidence that this drug may be effective for treating pSS. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate Rituximab effectiveness and safety for treating pSS. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review of RCTs published until December 2015, with no language restriction. We registered a protocol on Plataforma Brasil (40654814.6.0000.5505) and developed search strategies for the following scientific databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and LILACS. We included adults with established pSS diagnosis and considered the use of Rituximab as intervention and the use of other drugs or placebo as control. Four studies met our eligibility criteria: three with low risk of bias and one with uncertain risk of bias. The total number of participants was 276 (145 RTX, 131 placebo). We assessed the risk of bias of each included study and evaluated the following as primary outcomes: lacrimal gland function, salivary gland function, fatigue improvement and adverse events. We found no significant differences between the groups in the Schirmer test at week 24 meta-analysis (MD 3.59, 95% CI -2.89 to 10.07). Only one study evaluated the lissamine green test and reported a statistically significant difference between the groups at week 24 (MD -2.00, 95% CI -3.52 to -0.48). There was a significant difference between the groups regarding salivary flow rate (MD 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.16) and improvement in fatigue VAS at weeks 6 (RR 3.98, 95% CI 1.61 to 9.82) and week 16 (RR 3.08, 95% CI 1.21 to 7.80). CONCLUSIONS: According to moderate quality evidence, the treatment with a single RTX course in patients with SSp presents discrete effect for improving lacrimal gland function. Low-quality evidence indicates the potential of this drug for improving salivary flow. According to low quality evidence, no differences were observed in the evaluation after 24 weeks regarding fatigue reduction (30% VAS), serious adverse events occurrence, quality of life improvement and disease activity. With a very low level of evidence, there was no improvement in oral dryness VAS evaluation.

Ensaio clínico randomizado tipo stepped wedge: características, vantagens, desvantagens e aplicabilidade / Randomized clinical trial type stepped wedge: Features, advantages, disadvantages and applicability

O stepped wedge design é um tipo de ensaio clínico randomizado por cluster que vem sendo usado recentemente como opção para estudos de avaliação de efetividade/eficácia. Por ser relativamente novo e pouco conhecido em nosso meio, apresentamos as principais características desse tipo de estudo e discutimos sua aplicabilidade,vantagens e desvantagens.Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo descritivo na Universidade Federal de São Paulo.Métodos: Foi realizada revisão da literatura no Medline via Pubmed com busca do termo ?stepped wedge?. Os estudos identificados foram selecionados quando descreviam informações relacionadas ao desenho classificadas nas categorias: características, vantagens, desvantagens e aplicabilidade.Resultados: Com base nas informações obtidas nos estudos identificados, apresentamos e discutimos as principais características, aplicabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens do desenho stepped wedge.Conclusão: O desenho stepped wedge é um ensaio clínico melhor direcionado para a avaliação da implementação de intervenções de saúde pública. Também pode ser útil para determinar qual o melhor momento para iniciar uma intervenção ao longo da evolução da doença e qual a duração mais adequada da intervenção. Sua principal vantagem está relacionada a aspectos logísticos e menor tamanho de amostra, e sua principal desvantagem parece estar relacionada ao maior tempo de seguimento...

A diferença na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença venosa crônica leve e grave / Differences in the quality of life of patients with mild and severe chronic venous disease

CONTEXTO: A doença venosa crônica atinge os indivíduos em sua fase mais produtiva da vida, acarretando dor, perda de mobilidade e afastamento de atividades, podendo interferir diretamente na qualidade de vida. Seus sintomas clínicos decorrem de um estado de hipertensão venosa, causada por refluxo e/ou obstrução venosa. OBJETIVO: Determinar a diferença na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença venosa crônica leve e grave. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal analítico comparativo na unidade de saúde durante 8 meses. A amostra foi calculada em 88 pacientes e dividida em dois grupos: Grupo A (CEAP clínico 1, 2 e 3) e Grupo B (CEAP clínico 4, 5 e 6). Foi usado o questionário genérico Medical Outcomes Study - 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A análise estatística para verificar se havia diferença foi através do teste t de Student, com intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento e p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 88 indivíduos, sendo 47 no grupo A e 41 no grupo B. Do total, 87,5 por cento (77) eram mulheres. Com relação à idade, 34 por cento (30) tinham entre 30 e 40 anos. As alterações subcutâneas (CEAP clínico 4) foram os sintomas mais presentes, em 28,4 por cento. Com exceção do domínio estado geral da saúde, todos os outros mostraram que o grupo B apresentava escores inferiores quando comparado ao grupo A. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade de vida dos pacientes com doença venosa crônica leve e grave é diferente, apresentando-se mais afetada de acordo com a gravidade.

BACKGROUND: Chronic venous disease afflicts individuals in their most productive years, resulting in pain and loss of mobility and independence in performing routine daily activities, which may directly interfere with the patient's quality of life. Clinical symptoms result from venous hypertension caused by reflux and/or venous blockage. OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in the quality of life of patients with mild and severe chronic venous disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a health care facility during an 8-month period. The sample was composed of 88 patients divided into two groups: group A (clinical CEAP class 1, 2 and 3) and group B (clinical CEAP class 4, 5 and 6). The Medical Outcomes Study - 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was used. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student t test, with a 95 percent confidence interval and a level of significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We analyzed 88 subjects, 47 in group A and 41 in group B. Of the total, 87.5 percent (77) were women and 34 percent (30) were aged 30 to 40 years. Subcutaneous changes (CEAP class 4) were the most common symptoms, observed in 28.4 percent of the individuals. Except for the general health perceptions domain, group B showed lower scores than group A in all other domains. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life of patients with mild and severe chronic venous disease proved to be different according to disease severity.