Whole genome sequencing of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) detected from a Brazilian teal (Amazonnetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023.

The whole genome sequence of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.

High genetic diversity of alphacoronaviruses in bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil.

Bat coronaviruses (Bat-CoVs) represent around 35% of all virus genomes described in bats. Brazil has one of the highest mammal species diversity, with 181 species of bats described so far. However, few Bat-CoV surveillance programmes were carried out in the country. Thus, our aim was to jevaluate the Bat-CoV diversity in the Atlantic Forest, the second biome with the highest number of bat species in Brazil. We analysed 456 oral and rectal swabs and 22 tissue samples from Atlantic Forest bats, detecting Alphacoronavirus in 44 swab samples (9.6%) targeting the RdRp gene from seven different bat species, three of which have never been described as Bat-CoV hosts. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid (aa) sequences coding the RdRp gene grouped the sequences obtained in our study with Bat-CoV previously detected in identical or congeneric bat species, belonging to four subgenera, with high aa identity (over 90%). The RdRp gene was also detected in three tissue samples from Diphylla ecaudata and Sturnira lilium, and the partial S gene was successfully sequenced in five tissues and swab samples of D. ecaudata. The phylogenetic analysis based on the partial S gene obtained here grouped the sequence of D. ecaudata with CoV from Desmodus rotundus previously detected in Peru and Brazil, belonging to the Amalacovirus subgenus, with aa identity ranging from 73.6% to 88.8%. Our data reinforce the wide distribution of Coronaviruses in bats from Brazil and the novelty of three bats species as Bat-CoV hosts and the co-circulation of four Alphacoronavirus subgenera in Brazil.

Energy direct inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of the main industrial trawl fishery of Brazil.

This study provides first-time estimates of direct fuel inputs and greenhouse gas emissions produced by the trawl fishing fleet operating off southeastern and southern Brazil. Analyzed data comprised vessel characteristics, landings, fishing areas and trawling duration of 10,144 fishing operations monitored in Santa Catarina State from 2003 to 2011. Three main fishing strategies were differentiated: 'shrimp trawling', 'slope trawling' and 'pair trawling'. Jointly these operations burned over 141.5millionl of diesel to land 342.3millionkg of fish and shellfish. Annually, 0.36-0.48l were consumed for every kg of catch landed. Because all fishing strategies relied on multispecific catches to raise total incomes, estimates of fuel use intensity were generally low but increased 316-1025% if only nominal targets were considered. In nine years, trawling operations emitted 104.07GgC to the atmosphere, between 36,800-49,500tons CO2 per year.

Energy direct inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of the main industrial trawl fishery of Brazil.

This study provides first-time estimates of direct fuel inputs and greenhouse gas emissions produced by the trawl fishing fleet operating off southeastern and southern Brazil. Analyzed data comprised vessel characteristics, landings, fishing areas and trawling duration of 10,144 fishing operations monitored in Santa Catarina State from 2003 to 2011. Three main fishing strategies were differentiated: 'shrimp trawling', 'slope trawling' and 'pair trawling'. Jointly these operations burned over 9.1 million liters of diesel to land 342.3 million kilograms of fish and shellfish. Annually, 0.023-0.031 l were consumed for every kg of catch landed. Because all fishing strategies relied on multispecific catches to raise total incomes, estimates of fuel use intensity were generally low but increased 200-900% if only nominal targets were considered. In nine years, trawling operations emitted 6.69 GgC to the atmosphere, between 2300 and 3300 tons CO2 per year.

Captura acidental de Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789) em rede de neblina / Accidental capture of Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789) with mist net / Captura accidental de Nyctibius griseus (Gmelin, 1789)en malla de niebla en malla de niebla

The use of mist nets for inventories and monitoring of birds and bats is a widespread practice today. Usually this methodology is used in daytime periods for birds and during the night to catch bats. The aim of this study is to report the accidental capture of Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE) in mist nets, armed to monitor bats. The activities were carried out in a forest fragment, inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome, located in the city of Dois Irmãos das Missões (north of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). On Dec. 25, 2009, the accidental capture of one N. griseus male individual was registered. Until that time, there had been no reports on the catching of this species using mist nets in the literature. The authors attribute this accidental capture of N. griseus to the fact that many large beetles were also trapped on the mist nets on the same date, and considering the food habit from these birds (exclusively insectivorous), the beetles may be acting as live baits, making the accidental capture easy.

La utilización de mallas de niebla para realización de inventarios y monitoreo de aves y quirópteros es una práctica extensamente difundida actualmente. Normalmente se utiliza esta metodología en periodos diurnos para aves y nocturno para captura de murciélagos. El objetivo de este estudio es relatar la captura accidental de Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE), en malla de niebla, armada para monitoreo de quirópteros. Las actividades se han realizado en un remaneciente forestal, inserido en el bioma Mata Atlántica, ubicado en el municipio de Dos Hermanos de las Misiones (norte del Rio Grande de Sur, Brasil). El día 25 de diciembre de 2009 se registró la captura accidental de una espécimen macho de N. griseus. Hasta el momento no se ha encontrado en la literatura ningún otro registro de captura de esa especie, con malla de niebla. Los autores atribuyen esa captura accidental de N. griseus al hecho de innúmeros coleópteros de gran tamaño que se han quedado atrapados en la malla de niebla, en la misma fecha y, en función del hábito alimentar esencialmente insectívoro de esa especie de ave, los escarabajos pueden haber actuado como carnada viva, facilitando la captura accidental.

A utilização de redes de neblina para realização de inventários e monitoramentos de aves e quirópteros é uma prática largamente difundida nos dias atuais. Normalmente utiliza-se esta metodologia em períodos diurnos para aves e no turno da noite para a captura de morcegos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a captura acidental de Nyctibius griseus (NYCTIBIIDAE), em rede de neblina, armada para o monitoramento de quirópteros. As atividades foram realizadas em um remanescente florestal, inserido no bioma Mata Atlântica, localizado no município de Dois Irmãos das Missões (norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). No dia 25 de dezembro de 2009 foi registrada a captura acidental de um espécime macho de N. griseus. Até o momento não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum outro registro de captura dessa espécie, com rede de neblina. Os autores atribuem essa captura acidental de N. griseus ao fato de inúmeros coleópteros de grande porte terem ficado presos na rede de neblina, na mesma data e, em função do hábito alimentar essencialmente insetívoro dessa espécie de ave, os besouros podem ter atuando como iscas-vivas, facilitando a captura acidental.