RESUMO
Artificial sweeteners are a ubiquitous commodity on the market. The idea that people can consume a sweet food or beverage with "zero" calories seems too good to be true, and perhaps it is. The longevity and abundance of these products on the market necessitate the study of their mechanisms and their relationships to health and disease, including possible links to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
Assuntos
Edulcorantes , Glicemia/análise , Odontólogos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Resposta de Saciedade/efeitos dos fármacos , Edulcorantes/efeitos adversos , Edulcorantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tea is one of the most frequently consumed beverages in the world, second only to water. Repeated media coverage about the positive health benefits of tea has renewed interest in the beverage, particularly among Americans. This article reviews the general and specific benefits of drinking tea, as well as the potential negative aspects of tea consumption.
Assuntos
Odontólogos , Chá , China , Humanos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Bacterial cells in the human body outnumber human cells by a ratio of 10:1. Apart from their well-known pathogenic potential, bacteria are proving to be integral to the overall health of the body. Residential microbes have critical roles in diverse processes, such as nutrient harvesting, internal environment regulation, immune system development, neurological modulation, and drug metabolism, as well as providing protection against pathogens. There is a growing body of research on the microbiome and probiotic therapies to restore or augment these functions throughout the body. In particular, increasing numbers of bacterial species and bacterial interactions have been discovered in the oral cavity, and probiotic interventions for common dental problems such as caries, periodontal diseases, and oral malodor are being developed and reviewed.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Humanos , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiota/fisiologia , Boca/microbiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Sistema Respiratório/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fatigue crack growth properties of the dentin/resin adhesive interface. METHODS: Compact tension (CT) specimens were prepared from coronal dentin, resin composite, and dentin bonded to resin composite using Optibond Solo Plus adhesive. All specimens were then subjected to cyclic Mode I loading while fully hydrated at a stress ratio of R=0.1 and frequency of 5 Hz. Steady state fatigue crack growth was modeled using the Paris Law in terms of the exponent (m) and coefficient (C). RESULTS: The average fatigue crack growth rates in the resin composite ranged from 1.6E-06 to 3.8E-05 mm/cycle with growth occurring over a stress intensity range from 0.40 to 0.77 MPa m(1/2); the average growth exponent was 6.9+/-3.1. Average fatigue crack growth rates for the dentin/resin interface specimens ranged from 5.5E-07 to 6.4E-03 mm/cycle with growth occurring over a stress intensity range from 0.37 to 0.64 MPa m(1/2). The Paris Law exponent for these specimens ranged from 16Assuntos
Resinas Compostas/química
, Dentina/ultraestrutura
, Adulto
, Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química
, Colagem Dentária
, Adesivos Dentinários/química
, Humanos
, Teste de Materiais
, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura
, Tamanho da Partícula
, Porosidade
, Cimentos de Resina/química
, Estresse Mecânico
, Propriedades de Superfície
RESUMO
This study reviews the literature concerning the success or failure of dental implants and provides the general dentist with information to decide whether to recommend dental implant therapy to a patient. The authors conducted an extensive literature search for articles relating to dental implant failure. Metaanalyses and multi-center studies were predominant in the selection. Predictors of dental implant success or failure were gleaned from various articles and presented in the form of text and tables. The main predictors for implant success are the quantity and quality of bone, the patient's age, the dentist's experience, location of implant placement, length of the implant, axial loading, and oral hygiene maintenance. Primary predictors of implant failure are poor bone quality, chronic periodontitis, systemic diseases, smoking, unresolved caries or infection, advanced age, implant location, short implants, acentric loading, an inadequate number of implants, parafunctional habits and absence/loss of implant integration with hard and soft tissues. Inappropriate prosthesis design also may contribute to implant failure.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Fatores Etários , Densidade Óssea , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Osseointegração , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This article provides evidence to support the use of more conservative cavity preparation techniques with adhesive restorative resins. The authors discuss the issue of conservative operative techniques related to hidden or occult caries. The support for contemporary technology also concerns methods of caries detection and the role of magnification, caries risk assessment of the patient, conservative caries management, instrumentation, materials, and techniques.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/terapia , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/instrumentação , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Abrasão Dental por Ar/instrumentação , Abrasão Dental por Ar/métodos , Resinas Compostas/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Dentística Operatória/instrumentação , Dentística Operatória/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia a Laser , Masculino , Medição de RiscoAssuntos
Fissuras Dentárias/prevenção & controle , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras , Adolescente , Criança , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Fluorescência , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Humanos , Lasers , Cimentos de Resina , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Using qualitative interviews conducted in 1999, we examine awareness and use of drug user treatment and social service referrals, medical care, and HIV testing provided by needle exchange programs (NEPs) among injectors who use NEPs (N=26) and injectors who get their syringes from other sources (N=20). A four-category typology of NEP service knowledge and use emerges from these interviews: "Active involvement--use of services; "Stepping stone"--no use of services but knowledge that specific services are available; "Vague awareness"--nonspecific knowledge of service availability: and "Unaware:--no awareness of the service provision function of NEPs. We describe patterns of distribution of respondents among these categories and suggest policy implications.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Programas de Troca de Agulhas , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias/estatística & dados numéricos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/terapia , Adulto , Conscientização , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PhiladelphiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Twelve school-based speech-language practitioners enlisted the assistance of a university clinical phonologist to help them implement a collaborative research project for their school system in order to investigate phonological acquisition. METHOD: The school practitioners transcribed speech samples of 520 typically developing children between the ages of 2:6 and 8:0 (years:months). Responses were coded for syllable/word structures (e.g., final consonant deletion) and phoneme classes (e.g., velar deficiencies). RESULTS: The 3-year-olds in this sample had acquired all major phoneme classes except liquids. For the older participants, /l/ was acquired between 4 and 5 years of age and /r/ between 5 and 6 years of age. Although the strident phoneme class had reached the criterion for acquisition by age 3 years, sibilant lisps were still common until the age of 7 years. Another finding was the rare occurrence of omissions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The practitioners resolved that when determining whether a preschooler would be eligible to receive treatment services as a part of their caseloads, consistent speech sound omissions appeared to be a critical indicator and should be considered a higher priority than substitutions and/or distortions. CONCLUSION: The collaborative effort between the university clinical phonologist and the school-based speech-language practitioners was considered to be a valuable experience and a model for future collaborative partnerships.