Supportive relationships in childhood: Does it have a long Reach into health and depression outcomes for immigrants from Latin America?

This study examines how social support during childhood and adolescence is associated with self-rated good health and the incidence of depression among Latin American immigrants in the U.S. We focus on those who immigrated under age 18 (childhood arrivals) to understand the interplay between early social support and adult health outcomes. Data are from the 2012-2013 iteration of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III), which included a sample of 3441 immigrant respondents born in Latin America. Multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that childhood and interpersonal support in adulthood were negatively associated with lifetime major depressive disorder (LMDD) episodes. These associations differed between childhood arrival and adult arrival immigration samples. Findings from this study highlight the role that social support in critical developmental periods has on immigrant health and depression outcomes. Continued and more nuanced investigations are warranted to examine social resources across lifespans and their roles in mitigating adverse health outcomes among immigrants from Latin America.

Experiences of Ethnic Discrimination Among US Hispanics: Intersections of Language, Heritage, and Discrimination Setting.

BACKGROUND: Informed by Latino Critical Race Theory, the present study examined how intersections between English use/proficiency, Spanish use/proficiency, and heritage group shape the varying experiences of ethnic discrimination reported by US Hispanic adults. METHODS: The study utilized data from 7,037 Hispanic adults from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Multivariable binomial logistic regression modeled language use/proficiency, heritage, and demographic characteristics as predictors of past-year self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination, overall and in six different settings. RESULTS: Both English and Spanish use/proficiency were positively associated with increased adjusted odds of reporting ethnic discrimination overall, in public, or with respect to employment/education/ housing/courts/police; however, with respect to being called a racist name or receiving verbal/physical threats/assaults, a positive association was observed for English, yet not Spanish. Results also indicated a significant interaction between English use/proficiency and Spanish use/proficiency when predicting past-year ethnic discrimination overall or for any of the six types/settings examined, although the relationship between language use/proficiency and ethnic discrimination varied by Hispanic heritage group. CONCLUSION: Study findings emphasize that experiencing some form of ethnic discrimination is relatively common among US Hispanic adults, yet the prevalence and types or settings of ethnic discrimination vary widely on the basis of demographics, immigrant generation, heritage, and the interplay between English and Spanish use/proficiency.

Tuberculosis osteoarticular en un paciente pediátrico / Osteoarticular tuberculosis in a pediatric patient

Introducción: La tuberculosis osteoarticular es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, muy rara con un cuadro clínico atípico y se presenta con una incidencia de 1-2 por ciento del total de los casos de tuberculosis. Objetivo: Exponer una forma de presentación poco frecuente de tuberculosis en Honduras Presentación del caso: Se trata de una niña de dos años con diagnóstico inicial de sinovitis en rodilla derecha de cinco meses de evolución y tratada con antibiótico y analgésico. Sin mejoría se presenta a emergencia con cambios inflamatorios. Se realiza rayos x de rodilla que muestran lesiones osteolíticas a nivel de rótula y cóndilo del fémur derecho. Baciloscopia de esputo y prueba de tuberculina negativas. Familiar de tercer grado positivo para tuberculosis hacía un año y medio. Por biopsia de tejido blando y óseo de rodilla derecha se establece el diagnóstico de artritis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis por estudio inmuno-histoquimico con tinción Ziehl Nielsen. Conclusiones: Es el primer informe de caso de tuberculosis osteoarticular en un paciente pediátrico descrito en Honduras. Por la larga evolución de la enfermedad, lo atípico de su clínica y su baja incidencia es difícil establecer el diagnóstico final. Fue imprescindible el estudio anatomopatológico por biopsia que permitiera esclarecer a los clínicos el diagnóstico e iniciar el tratamiento oportuno(AU)

Introduction: Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, very rare, and with an atypical clinical picture and occurs with an incidence of 1-2 percent of all TB cases. Objective: Show a rare form of TB´s presentation in Honduras Case presentation: Two-year-old girl with an initial diagnosis of right knee synovitis of five months of evolution and treated with antibiotics and analgesics. Without improvement, she attends to emergencies service with inflammatory changes. Knee x-rays show osteolytic lesions at the kneecap level and the condyle of the right femur. Sputum bacilloscopy and negative tuberculin test were performed. She had a third-grade relative positive to tuberculosis a year and a half ago. A right knee soft tissue and bone biopsies confirm the diagnosis of arthritis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis by immuno-histochemical study with Ziehl Nielsen staining. Conclusions: It is the first osteoarticular TB case report in a pediatric patient described in Honduras. Because of the long evolution of the disease, the atypicalness of its clinic features and its low incidence, it is difficult to establish the final diagnosis. Anatomopathological study by biopsy was essential to clarify the diagnosis to clinicians and initiate timely treatment(AU)

Double-Decker Silsesquioxanes Self-Assembled in One-Dimensional Coordination Polymeric Nanofibers with Emission Properties.

The urgent needs for photoactive materials in industry drive fast evolution of synthetic procedures in many branches of chemistry, including the chemistry of silsesquioxanes. Here, we disclose an effective protocol for the synthesis of novel double-decker silsesquioxanes decorated with two (styrylethynylphenyl)terpyridine moieties (DDSQ_Ta-b). The synthesis strategy involves a series of silylative and Sonogashira coupling reactions and is reported for the first time. DDSQ_Ta-b were employed as nanocage ligands to promote self-assembly in the presence of transition metals (TM), i.e., Zn2+, Fe2+, and Eu3+ ions, to form one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymeric nanofibers. Additionally, ultraviolet-promoted and reversible E-Z isomerization of the C═C bond within the ligand structures may be exploited to tune their emission properties. These findings render such complexes promising candidates for applications in materials chemistry. This is the first example of 1D coordination polymers bearing DDSQ-based nodes with TM ions.

Subphthalocyanine encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as a solar light photoredox catalyst for dehalogenation of α-haloacetophenones.

Subphthalocyanine has been incorporated into a robust metal-organic framework having amino groups as binding sites. The resulting SubPc@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 composite has a loading of 2 wt%. Adsorption of subphthalocyanine does not deteriorate host crystallinity, but decreases the surface area and porosity of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2. The resulting SubPc@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 composite exhibits a 575 nm absorption band responsible for the observed photoredox catalytic activity under simulated sunlight irradiation for hydrogenative dehalogenation of α-haloacetophenones and for the coupling of α-bromoacetophenone and styrene. The material undergoes a slight deactivation upon reuse. In comparison to the case of phthalocyanines the present study is one of the few cases showing the use of subphthalocyanine as a photoredox catalyst, with its activity derived from site isolation within the MOF cavities.

Long-Term Photostability in Terephthalate Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Prolonged (weeks) UV/Vis irradiation under Ar of UiO-66(Zr), UiO66 Zr-NO2 , MIL101 Fe, MIL125 Ti-NH2 , MIL101 Cr and MIL101 Cr(Pt) shows that these MOFs undergo photodecarboxylation of benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) linker in a significant percentage depending on the structure and composition of the material. Routine characterization techniques such as XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy and TGA fail to detect changes in the material, although porosity and surface area change upon irradiation of powders. In contrast to BCD-containing MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate ZIF-8 does not evolve CO2 or any other gas upon irradiation.

A highly conductive nanostructured PEDOT polymer confined into the mesoporous MIL-100(Fe).

Despite the higher efficiency, larger color range and faster stimulus response of polymeric electrochromic materials, their poor cyclability strongly hampers their application in optoelectronics. As an original strategy to stabilize and further nanostructure these polymers, herein an efficient encapsulation and in situ polymerization inside highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported. In particular, the successful accommodation of poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its partially oxidized polarons inside the mesopores of the nontoxic iron trimesate MIL-100(Fe) is convincingly proved by a large panel of experimental techniques. Remarkably, the polymer-MOF interaction occurring for entrapped PEDOT within the pores (deeply assessed by experimental and simulation methods) might be responsible for the enhanced electrical conductivity of the resulting PEDOT@MIL-100(Fe) composite when compared to the insulating MIL-100(Fe) and the conductive free PEDOT. Furthermore, it was possible to observe the electrochromic properties of the PEDOT@MIL-100(Fe) composite, achieving an improved stability and good cyclability as a consequence of the effective protection by the MOF matrix.

Tuning the Microenvironment of Gold Nanoparticles Encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr) for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with O2 : Influence of the Amino Terephthalate Linker.

This manuscript reports a comparative study of the catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr) with or without amino groups in the terephthalate linker. The purpose is to show how the amino groups can influence the microenvironment and catalytic stability of incorporated gold nanoparticles. The first influence of the presence of this substituent is the smaller particle size of Au NPs hosted in MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 (2.45±0.19 nm) compared with the parent MIL-101(Cr)-H (3.02±0.39 nm). Both materials are highly active to promote the aerobic alcohol oxidation and exhibit a wide substrate scope. Although both catalysts can achieve turnover numbers as high as 106 for the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, Au@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 exhibits higher turnover frequency values (12 000 h-1 ) than Au@MIL-101(Cr)-H (6800 h-1 ). Au@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 also exhibits higher catalytic stability, being recyclable for 20 times with coincident temporal conversion profiles, in comparison with some decay observed in the parent Au@MIL-101(Cr)-H. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy of the 20-times used samples shows a very minor particle size increase in the case of Au@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 (2.97±0.27 nm) in comparison with the Au@MIL-101(Cr)-H analog (5.32±0.72 nm). The data presented show the potential of better control of the microenvironment to improve the performance of encapsulated Au nanoparticles.

On the fringes: How youth experiencing homelessness conceptualize social and economic inequality-A Photovoice study.

This study used Photovoice methods with young adults experiencing homelessness to collaboratively identify issues that are of greatest importance in an open-ended, exploratory, and inductive manner. Participants selected two concepts to focus their inquiry: freedom and prosperity. Within these concepts, participants discussed nature as a source of inspiration, a desire to better themselves and to change their situations, and passion for contributing to social change by exposing economic inequality and raising awareness about homelessness. These findings demonstrate that young people are keenly aware of the structural and macro-level factors that have contributed to their risks of social exclusion and marginalization.

Cu(II)-Schiff base covalently anchored to MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 as heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation reactions.

MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 has been modified by reaction of salicylaldehyde with the terephthalate amino groups to form a salicylideneimine that act as ligand of Cu2+. The success of the postsynthetic modification was assessed by FTIR spectroscopy of the MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal-Cu and by analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy of the organic linkers upon dissolution of MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal-Cu. In comparison with parent MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 and MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal, that exhibit a poor activity, the presence of the Cu-Schiff base complex in MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal-Cu catalyst for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol by tert-butylhydroperoxyde (TBHP, 3 eq.) increases notably the catalytic activity. Hot filtration test and reusability experiments confirm that the process is heterogeneous and that MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal-Cu is stable under the reaction conditions. Quenching studies and EPR spectra using N-tbutylphenylnitrone indicate the generation of tBuOO and tBuO under the reaction conditions. The scope of MIL-125(Ti)-NH2-Sal-Cu as oxidation catalyst by tBuOOH was studied for benzyl alcohol as well as alicyclic and aliphatic alcohols and ethylbenzene.

A highly stable and hierarchical tetrathiafulvalene-based metal-organic framework with improved performance as a solid catalyst.

Herein we report the synthesis of a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based MOF, namely MUV-2, which shows a non-interpenetrated hierarchical crystal structure with mesoporous one-dimensional channels of ca. 3 nm and orthogonal microporous channels of ca. 1 nm. This highly stable MOF (aqueous solution with pH values ranging from 2 to 11 and different organic solvents), which possesses the well-known [Fe3(µ3-O)(COO)6] secondary building unit, has proven to be an efficient catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of dibenzothiophenes.

Adaptability of the metal(iii,iv) 1,2,3-trioxobenzene rod secondary building unit for the production of chemically stable and catalytically active MOFs.

The use of a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin has yielded a new MOF based on M-1,2,3-trioxobenzene chains that can be made of M = Zr(iv) or RE(iii) (RE = rare earth), showing a very high and limited chemical stability, respectively. The robust metallated Zr-analogue, Co-MIL-173(Zr), has proven to be a heme-like heterogeneous catalyst suitable for aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Condomless Sex Among Homeless Youth: The Role of Multidimensional Social Norms and Gender.

Most studies of condomless sex among homeless youth have focused on peer norms, while excluding other potentially pertinent influences. This study explored how different types of relationships contributed to norms about condomless sex and whether such norms were associated with engagement in condomless sex among homeless youth. Additionally, because recent work has noted gender differences in social networks of male and female homeless youth, gender differences in social network norms of condomless sex were also assessed. Egocentric network data were collected from homeless youth accessing services at two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, CA (N = 976). Multivariate analyses (non-stratified and stratified by gender) assessed associations between descriptive, injunctive, and communicative norms and participants' engagement in condomless sex. Multivariate analyses indicated that perception of peer condom use and communication with sexual partners were significantly associated with not engaging in condomless sex. These relationships, however, varied by gender. Implications for interventions are discussed.

Sociometric network structure and its association with methamphetamine use norms among homeless youth.

Homeless youths' social networks are consistently linked with their substance use. Social networks influence behavior through several mechanisms, especially social norms. This study used sociometric analyses to understand whether social norms of drug use behaviors are clustered in network structures and whether these perceived norms (descriptive and injunctive) influence youths' drug use behaviors. An event-based approach was used to delineate boundaries of the two sociometric networks of homeless youth, one in Los Angeles, CA (n = 160) and the other in Santa Monica, CA (n = 130). Network characteristics included centrality (i.e., popularity) and cohesiveness (location in dense subnetworks). The primary outcome was recent methamphetamine use. Results revealed that both descriptive and injunctive norms influenced methamphetamine use. Network cohesion was found to be associated with perception of both descriptive and injunctive norms in both networks, however in opposite directions. Network interventions therefore might be effective if designed to capitalize on social influence that naturally occurs in cohesive parts of networks.

Síndrome prune belly (vientre en ciruela): reporte de un caso / Prune belly syndrome(belly plum): a case report

Se presenta caso clínico de una mujer gestante quien en su primera consulta prenatal, con una gestación pretérmino por examen físico, presenta una ecografía que informa malformaciones en el sistema urinario y digestivo fetal. En el Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) se confirman dichos hallazgos. El desenlace fue fatal al mes de nacido, por complicaciones en la cirugía intervencionista intestinal.

Clinical case of a pregnant woman who in her first prenatal visit, with a preterm gestation by physical examination, fetal malformations in the urinary and digestive system is presented in the ultrasound. In the National Hospital of Itaugua these findings are confirmed. The outcome was fatal a month after the pacient was born, due to complications in the intestinal interventional surgery.