[Effect of cardioplegia on nitrogen and energy metabolism of the human heart]. / Vliianie kardioplegii na azotistyi i énergeticheskii obmen serdtsa cheloveka.

The interrelation between the energy and nitrogenous metabolism of the myocardium during cardioplegia has been studied in patients with congenital valvular heart disease (tetralogy of Fallot--12 patients, ventricular septal defect--5 patients). Whole body hypothermia with repeated heart reperfusion with cold cardioplegic blood perfusate was used for the protection of the myocardium. However, ATP level of the myocardium of some patients decreased by 20% and more of the baseline. This loss was accompanied by a reduction in glutamate and aspartate levels and a rise in ammonium and alanine levels in the myocardium (by 17.7 +/- 3.8; 17.6 +/- 5.9; 61.4 +/- 12.5 and 92.4 +/- 26.3% of the baseline, respectively).

[Action of papaverine on electromechanical coupling in the rat myocardium]. / Issledovanie deistviia papaverina na élektromekhanicheskoe sopriazhenie v miokarde krysy.

It was demonstrated in experiments on the rat heart papillary muscle that papaverine (10(-5)-8 X 10(-5) g/ml) suppressed the contractile activity. The drug exerted the cardiac stimulating effect on the atrial auricular. In both cases papaverine smoothed the rhythm-inotropic activity.

[Electrophysiological study of the cardiotropic action of phenothiazine-derivative anti-arrhythmia preparations]. / Elektrofiziologicheskoe issledovanie kardiotropnogo deistviia antiaritmicheskikh preparatov, proizvodnykh fenotiazina.

Cardiotropic action of antiarrhythmic agents etmozin and etacizin, phenothiazine derivatives, was studied electrophysiologically in 42 mongrel dogs (using isolated heart and intact body models). Etmozin produced no direct effect on sinus node function, whereas etacizin suppressed it in isolated hearts. Etmozin and etacizin significantly affected the atrial, atrioventricular-node and His-Purkinje conduction time, having no basic effect on the duration of respective refractory periods. Therefore, they can be referred to antiarrhythmic agents, group 1, subclass C. The magnitude and pattern of etmozin-and etacizin-induced electrophysiologic changes in the isolated heart and the integrated system are basically similar, an evidence of cardiotropic effects of these drugs. The model of an isolated dog heart perfused by a donor dog's blood can be used for the assessment of cardiotropic effects of drugs in preclinical trials of new antiarrhythmic agents.

[Laser endoscopic destruction of the atrioventricular junction of the heart conduction system in an experiment]. / Lazernaia éndoskopicheskaia destruktsiia atrioventrikuliarnogo soedineniia provodiashchei sistemy serdtsa v éksperimente.

Feasibility and degree of local AV junction destruction were studied prior to the induction of complete transversal block on the model of 18 isolated perfused dog hearts, using endoscopic laser device, employing cardiofibroscope and laser Ne: YAG. Morphological pattern in the destruction zone is presented. The technique and device can be used for transvenous AV junction destruction.

[Mechanical suture in bile duct surgery]. / Mekhanicheskii shov v khirurgii zhelchnykh putei.

The authors describe results of using "one-agraffe" suturing devices and an original "many-agraffes" apparatus for suturing a wound of the common bile duct, papillosphincteroplasty and creation of bile-eliminating anastomoses in experiments in 47 dogs and clinical application in 104 patients. It was shown that these devices can considerably facilitate and accelerate the performing of operations, increase the hermetic properties of the suture and anastomoses, thus giving better remote results as compared with manual sutures with synthetic and catgut threads.

[Changes in the electrical activity and coronary blood flow of a heterotopic heart allograft during a graft rejection crisis]. / Izmeneniia élektricheskoi ativnosti i koronarnogo krovotoka geterotopicheskogo allotransplantata serdtsa pri krize ottorzheniia.

In 12 experiments on dogs heterotopic cardiac allotransplantation on the recipient's neck has been performed. During the transplant survival its electrical activity and the coronary blood flow (CBF) were recorded with an implanted sensor of electromagnetic flowmeter. The combination of relatively low CBF and the amplitude of R wave during the first hours after transplantation with a high heart rate is a poor prognostic sign. Oscillations of CBF run parallel to changes of ECG when the viability of the transplant is retained, during the rejection crisis these changes do not correlate. The significance of comprehensive assessment of the cardiac function with the use of ECG and CBF measurement and comparison of their absolute figures and dynamics is shown to be of importance for the early diagnosis of the rejection crisis.

[Improved method of perfusion and functional loading of the isolated heart. Studies as a control and following cardioplegia]. / Usovershenstvovannaia metodika perfuzii i funktsional'noi nagruzki izolirovannogo serdtsa. Issledovaniia v kontrole i posle kardioplegii.

The authors have elaborated and studied in 52 experiments an improved method of donor perfusion of an isolated dog heart. The technique of removing the heart without ischaemia and after cardioplegia as well as the technique of perfusion of the arrested and the contracting heart are described. The authors used their own method of the functional load testing of the left ventricle after cardioplegia. The function of the isolated dog heart without ischaemia was studied in control experiments. The advantages of the described method of perfusion and functional load of an isolated heart are: it is manageable, physiological and easily reproduced. The method can be used in experimental cardiology.

[Maintenance of myocardial contractivity in dogs following cardioplegia using blood]. / Sokhranenie sokratitel'noi sposobnosti miokarda sobaki posle krovianoi kardioplegii.

Dog hearts were perfused with a cardioplegic solution based on the blood (hemodilution, 20-25%, heparin, 60 mg/l, K, 20 + 25 mEq/l, pH 7.7, temperature 15 degrees C). The hearts were stored for 2 hours at 15 degrees C. Short-term cardioplegic perfusions were made every 20 minutes. It has been shown that the fragments of the left atrial auricle preserve high contractility which is close to the initial level after 1 and 2 hours of storage.