IgG Stimulates the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Modifies Their Structure.

We studied the neutrophils and monocytes obtained from 37 patients with various inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, acute infectious process in the abdominal cavity (acute appendicitis/abscess of the abdominal cavity, and acute cholecystitis), acute pancreatitis, and post-COVID syndrome after mild COVID infection. The number and the morphological structure of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) as well as the effect of IgG on NET were examined. NET were visualized and counted by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescent dye SYBR Green. All the studied types of inflammation were accompanied by spontaneous formation of NET. After application of IgG, the number of NET doubled, their size increased, and transformation of net-like traps into the cloud forms was observed. The clouds form structure of the network is not capable of capturing pathogens with subsequent retraction, the products of its enzymatic degradation can be the factors of secondary alteration. The study results demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism of infection resistance.

[Questionnaire of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology is a new tool for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction]. / Oprosnik NMITs koloproktologii imeni A.N. Ryzhikh ­ novyi instrument otsenki khronicheskoi tazovoi boli i narusheniya funktsii tazovykh organov.

The article presents the work of a multidisciplinary team of experts from various fields of medicine to optimize the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology¼ for use in clinical practice. The survey of respondents was conducted from June 28 to September 28, 2021. As a result of this survey, by repeatedly making edits and clarifications during communication with respondents, the final version was obtained, which allows assessing the patient's subjective sensations by the nature and localization of pelvic pain, sensitivity disorders and pelvic organ function. The main objective of this Questionnaire is to differentiate patients with neurogenic pain from a huge number of patients with chronic pelvic pain. This aspect will allow a more targeted approach to the diagnosis and pathogenetically justified treatment of patients, including after appropriate instrumental examinations. The work of a multidisciplinary team implies a higher degree of objectification and terminological accuracy of the Questionnaire under discussion. The presented version of the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology¼ will be primarily used in coloproctological patients with pelvic pain problems and anal incontinence and obstructive defecation. Further studies will be directed to the clinical evaluation of the results of the work carried out.

Results of Complex Immunopharmacological Analysis of the Mechanisms of Action of Bioregulation Agents.

Elucidation of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drugs capable of potentiating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is an important task. In this in vitro study, the ability of Traumeel S to influence the innate and acquired immunity was evaluated. Traumeel S was found to reduce activities of NADPH oxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as to evoke anti-inflammatory activity of lymphocyte subpopulations.

[Prospects for pharmacological adaptation of neurovascular unit in conditions of neurotropic viral infection]. / Perspektivy farmakologicheskogo konditsionirovaniya neirovaskulyarnoi edinitsy v usloviyakh neirotropnoi virusnoi infektsii.

The article discusses the prospects for pharmacological conditioning as a method for adaptation of neurovascular unit in conditions of neurotropic viral infection. A step-by-step mechanism for development of preconditioning and postconditioning is presented with a detailed description of it's main stages (trigger, signal and effector). The role of neuroinflammation as the leading mechanism of damage and the possibility of influencing the brain neurotrophic factor are considered. It is shown that different medications including neurotrophic drugs (cerebrolysin) can serve as inducers of conditioning. Usage of neurotrophic drugs in different doses for preconditioning and postconditioning is pathogenetically justified.

Endogenous Regulators of the Immune System (sCD100, Malonic Dialdehyde, and Arginase).

Tissue damage in various diseases, hypoxic conditions, and some pathologies are associated with production of endogenous factors such as the soluble form of the surface receptor CD100, malonic dialdehyde, and arginase and their release into circulation. These factors modulate functional state of lymphocytes in the immune system: potentiate activation of B lymphocytes, activate synthesis and secretion of IL-25 and IL-17 cytokines, and suppress proliferative activity of T lymphocytes, thus modulating immunological reactivity of the organism. Reactions of innate and adaptive immunity develop against the background of changed immunological reactivity, which should be taken into account in the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.

[Hemoglobin oxygen transport capacity in surgical endotoxicosis ].

In surgical endointoxication hemoglobin oxygen transport capacity of red blood cells (hemoglobin affinity ligands: the ability to bind and release ligands) is reduced and is associated with the severity of endogenous intoxication. Violation of oxygen transport function of hemoglobin at endogenous intoxication is associated with conformational changes of a biomolecule, and its possible influence on reactive oxygen species, which confirmed in experiments in vitro: under the influence of oxygen-iron ascorbate ability of hemoglobin deteriorates. Largely similar structural and functional changes in hemoglobin occur in patients with surgical endotoxicosis.

[Systemic factors of acute pancreatitis advance].

In experimental studies the sequence of vitals series lesion is established at various forms of acute experimental pancreatitis (edematous pancreatitis, a pancreatonecrosis). It is shown that one of the first in pathological process involves an intestine, then - a liver, further - kidneys. It is established that at acute pancreatitis the basis of a target organs lesion is membranodestruktivny process due to excess activity of lipids peroxidation processes and phospholipase systems which are registered not only in a blood plasma, but also in tissue structures of the studied organs - an intestine, a liver, kidneys (systemic distress damages of oxidative and phospholipase induced character) acts.

[Characteristics of the autonomic nervous system state in children with myopia associated with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia].

Autonomic nervous system disorders occur in 100% cases in patients with connective tissue dysplasia. Biomechanism of accommodation and autonomic innervation of ciliary body was not investigated clearly and presented as area of further research. The goal of the study was to evaluate features of autonomic nervous system in patients with myopia associated with connective tissue dysplasia. 50 children with myopia associated with connective tissue dysplasia went through ophtholmological examination. To evaluate function of autonomic nervous system all patients were observed with the machine "Valenta" which has ECG recording. As a result we found that children with myopia and connective tissue dysplasia have unsatisfactory adaptive reserves with imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic input, autonomic nervous system wasn't available to provide homeostasis in demanding level. We hypothesized that autonomic nervous system might be a reason which lead to disorders in process of accommodation during myopia and assist its progressing.

Effect of polysaccharides on the blood system in rats.

Natural plant polysaccharides stimulated hemopoiesis, increased the content of some macroglobulins in blood plasma, modulate the weight and cellular composition of lymphoid and hemopoietic organs, activated lymphopoiesis, and enhanced enzyme activity in healthy animals.

Taban-Arshan: immunocorrector in atopic bronchial asthma.

Taban-Arshan extract decreased expression of T-lymphocyte activation markers, normalized T-cell-mediated immunity, and suppressed increased activity of natural killer receptors during culturing with lymphocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma. Taban-Arshan extract normalized activation processes in the B-cell immunity and stimulated expression of receptors of activation-induced apoptosis.

Laser irradiation as a potential pathogenetic method for immunocorrection in rheumatoid arthritis.

We investigated the immunocorrective and clinical effect in 75 rheumatoid patients treated with intravenous laser blood irradiation. A relation between the positive immunotropic (as well as therapeutic) effect and the pre-existent immune status of each patient was revealed. A well-defined effect was found in patients with a low level of CIC and a normal count of functional-competent T-cells. ILIB provided some symptomatic but unstable relief in patients with a high level of CIC and a high functional activity of T-lymphocytes. There was no effect in patients with a high level of CIC and decreased number of lymphocytes.

Adenosine as a Modulator of Functional Activity of Peripheral Blood Phagocytes in Asthmatic Patients and Healthy Volunteers.

The influence of adenosine (1.0 &mgr;M) on generation of reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase activity of adherent phagocytes from healthy donors and asthmatic patients was studied in vitro. Adenosine enhanced NADP-oxidase activity and inhibited myeloperoxidase in leukocytes from healthy donors. It did not influence NADP-oxidase activity but stimulated myeloperoxidase activity in atopic asthma patients. In non-atopic asthma the activity of the both enzymes was inhibited by adenosine. The effects of adenosine depended on the stage and duration of asthma. The hypothesis was proposed that in bronchial asthma adenosine should play a protective role against tissue damage produced by activated phagocytes.