Antimicrobial Activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi of TiO2/ZnO Thin Films under UV Irradiation: Experimental and Theoretical Study.

We deposited bare TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO thin films to study their antimicrobial capacity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. The deposit of TiO2 was performed by spin coating and the ZnO thin films were deposited onto the TiO2 surface by plasma-assisted reactive evaporation technique. The characterization of the compounds was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations were performed to support the observed experimental results. Thus, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by adsorption and posterior photocatalytic degradation was studied. Adsorption kinetic results showed that TiO2/ZnO thin films were more efficient in MB removal than bare TiO2 thin films, and the pseudo-second-order model was suitable to describe the experimental results for TiO2/ZnO (q e = 12.9 mg/g; k 2 = 0.14 g/mg/min) and TiO2 thin films (q e = 12.0 mg/g; k 2 = 0.13 g/mg/min). Photocatalytic results under UV irradiation showed that TiO2 thin films reached 10.9% of MB photodegradation (k = 1.0 × 10-3 min-1), whereas TiO2/ZnO thin films reached 20.6% of MB photodegradation (k = 3.9 × 10-3 min-1). Both thin films reduced the photocatalytic efficiency by less than 3% after 4 photocatalytic tests. DFT study showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap decreases for the mixed nanoparticle system, showing its increased reactivity. Furthermore, the chemical hardness shows a lower value for the mixed system, whereas the electrophilicity index shows the biggest value, supporting the larger reactivity for the mixed nanoparticle system. Finally, the antimicrobial activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi showed that bare TiO2 reached a growth reduction of 68% while TiO2/ZnO reached a growth reduction of 90% after 250 min of UV irradiation.

Thromboprophylaxis in varicose veins surgery: The everyday concern.

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) occupies an important place as a cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients in all specialties. Despite the existence of guidelines for thrombo prophylaxis in surgery, it is not clear due to the lack of current evidence, how to develop antithrombotic prophylaxis in varicose vein surgery and many questions arise when the surgeon is faced with a patient to be operated on. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to examine the evidence about the prevention of the venous thromboembolism in varicose veins surgery patients, and aims to guide the reader through questions that arise in daily practice, discussing the different scenarios presented in the literature for the choice of the most appropriate prophylaxis for each case. The lack of conclusive literature determines that risk should be individualized using available scales and other procedure-related factors, so that the type and duration of prophylaxis can be determined on a case-by-case basis.

Cáncer incidental de vesícula: incidencia y factores asociados en pacientes de una institución de la ciudad de Medellín / Incidental gallbladder cancer: Incidence and associated factors in patients from an institution in the city of Medellín

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes de la vía biliar y la mayoría de los casos se diagnostican de forma incidental o en estadios avanzados. En Colombia existen pocas publicaciones acerca de la prevalencia y características clínicas de pacientes con cáncer insospechado de vesícula biliar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información existente. Métodos. Estudio de tipo transversal basado en registros médicos. Como variable de resultado se definió el hallazgo incidental de patología maligna reportado por un patólogo y el subtipo histológico. Se midieron variables demográficas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se calcularon OR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC95%). Resultados. De los 2630 casos analizados, en cuatro se hizo diagnóstico de cáncer incidental de vesícula, con una prevalencia del 0,15 %. Se encontraron como características asociadas al cáncer incidental de vesícula, la edad, el antecedente de cáncer y la presencia de pólipos. Conclusiones. Esta es una patología poco frecuente en la población evaluada, lo que permite afirmar que no es necesario realizar estudios prequirúrgicos más amplios de forma rutinaria, a menos que el paciente presente alguno de los factores asociados.

Introduction. Gallbladder cancer is one of the most common neoplasms of the bile duct and most cases are diagnosed incidentally or in advanced stages. In Colombia, there are few publications about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with unsuspected gallbladder cancer. The objective of this work was to update the existing information. Methods. Cross-sectional study based on medical records. The incidental finding of malignant pathology reported and the histological subtype were defined as the outcome variable. Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were measured. ORs were calculated with their respective 95% CI. Results. Of the 2630 cases analyzed, four were diagnosed with incidental gallbladder cancer, with a prevalence of 0.15%. Characteristics associated with incidental gallbladder cancer were age, history of cancer and the presence of polyps. Conclusions. This is a rare pathology in the population evaluated, which allows us to recommend that it is not necessary to routinely perform more extensive presurgical studies, unless the patient presents any of the associated factors.

Factors associated with chronic venous disease: study in 1,136 patients treated for varicose veins of the lower limbs in a specialized clinic.

Background: Varicose veins are a highly prevalent condition in the general population, generating variable reasons for consultation that can alter the patient's quality of life, with prevalence and associated factors that vary in different series. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients who consulted for varicose veins by evaluating main symptoms and associated variables. Methods: Between 2019 and 2020, 1,136 patients attending vascular surgery consultation in a specialized outpatient center were evaluated. Demographic variables, presented symptoms, complications, and associated factors, such as body mass index, parity and family history, were recorded. Results: A total of 1136 patients were evaluated (79.8% women and 20.2% men), with a mean age of 53.51 years. The presence of symptoms was similar in men and women; the most frequent complications were ulcer, varicorrhage, and superficial venous thrombosis. Most patients showed CEAP 1, 2 and 3 (n = 909) and more than half were overweight or obese (n = 679) with a predominance of those classified as C4. Sixty-nine per cent had a positive family history of varicose veins. There was no difference between severity of varicose veins and time working in the standing or sitting position, but there was a greater presence of C5 or C6 ulcer among patients standing for more than 4 hours. Conclusions: Describing the characteristics of patients with varicose veins helps to understand the disease and to focus efforts towards those who are more susceptible. The results of this research are similar to those found in other populations.

Contexto: As varizes são uma condição altamente prevalente na população em geral, gerando motivos variáveis de consulta que podem alterar a qualidade de vida do paciente, com prevalência e fatores associados variando em diferentes séries. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes que consultaram por varizes, avaliando os principais sintomas e as variáveis associadas. Métodos: Entre 2019 e 2020, foram avaliados 1.136 pacientes que compareceram a uma consulta de cirurgia vascular em um centro ambulatorial especializado. Foram registradas variáveis demográficas, apresentando sintomas, complicações e fatores associados tais como índice de massa corporal, paridade e histórico familiar. Resultados: Foram avaliados 1.136 pacientes (79,8% mulheres e 20,2% homens), com idade média de 53,51 anos. A presença de sintomas foi similar em homens e mulheres; as complicações mais freqüentes foram úlcera, varicorragia e trombose venosa superficial. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava CEAP 1, 2 ou 3 (n = 909), e mais da metade tinha excesso de peso ou obesidade (n = 679), com predominância dos classificados como C4. Sessenta e nove por cento tinham histórico familiar positivo de veias varicosas. Não houve diferença entre a gravidade das varizes e o tempo gasto em pé ou sentado, mas havia uma presença maior de úlcera C5 ou C6 em pacientes que permaneciam em pé por mais de 4 horas. Conclusões: A descrição das características da população com varizes ajuda a entender a doença e a canalizar os esforços para aqueles mais suscetíveis. Os resultados desta investigação são semelhantes aos encontrados em outras populações.

Counseling for the nursing mother or about the breastfeeding technique? / ¿Consejería para la madre lactante o para la técnica de lactancia materna?

Abstract Introduction: In Colombia, despite the implementation of initiatives such as breastfeeding counseling (BFC), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are low. Objective: To understand the experience of a group of nursing mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding counseling provided at Women and Children Friendly Institutions (WCFI) in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were administered to 19 breastfeeding mothers who were provided with exclusive breastfeeding counseling (EBFC) at 3 WCFI between August 2016 and January 2017. Units of meaning (UM) were identified through a comprehensive analysis performed in NVivo 10 and based on the reading of the textual transcripts of the interviews and the identification of essential structures in the mothers' narratives associated with the experience they had while being counseled at three moments (gestation, delivery/immediate postpartum, and puerperium). Results: The average age was 23 years. Only 37% of the mothers exclusively breastfed their children until they were 4 months old. Nine UMs were identified. During gestation and the immediate postpartum period, participants received instructions on how to breastfeed but were not provided with EBFC by healthcare staff. During the puerperium, the mothers' families and support networks provided them with help and guidance regarding breastfeeding. Conclusion: It is possible that the legal provisions on breastfeeding counseling and initiatives such as the WCFI are not being complied with in the country, as there are obstacles that hinder their proper execution. Thus, it is necessary to propose and develop effective strategies for the training of breastfeeding counselors among health personnel.

Resumen Introducción. En Colombia, pese a la implementación de iniciativas como la consejería en lactancia materna (CLM), las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) son bajas. Objetivo. Comprender la experiencia de un grupo de madres lactantes respecto a la consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva (CLME) recibida en Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia (IAMI) en Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad a 19 madres lactantes que recibieron CLME en 3 IAMI entre agosto de 2016 y enero de 2017. Las unidades de significado (US) se identificaron mediante un análisis comprensivo realizado en el programa N-Vivo versión 10 y basado en la lectura de las transcripciones textuales de las entrevistas y la identificación de estructuras esenciales en los relatos relacionadas con la experiencia que tuvieron durante la CLME en tres momentos (gestación, parto/posparto inmediato y puerperio). Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 23 años. Solo el 37% lactó exclusivamente hasta los 4 meses. Se identificaron 9 US. Durante la gestación y el posparto inmediato las madres recibieron indicaciones sobre cómo lactar, pero no recibieron CLME por parte del personal de salud. En el puerperio, la familia y la red de apoyo de las madres les brindaron ayuda y acompañamiento respecto a la lactancia materna. Conclusión. Es posible que en el país no se estén cumpliendo las disposiciones legales sobre la CLM ni iniciativas como las IAMI, ya que se evidencian dificultades para su correcta realización, por lo que es necesario plantear y desarrollar estrategias efectivas para la formación de consejeros en lactancia materna entre el personal de salud.

Contraceptive Counseling Strategies for Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Role of Integrating Reproductive Health and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services to Prevent Perinatal Transmission in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 2 contraceptive counseling strategies in Colombia for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first integrates (1) reproductive health and HIV services (integrated model [IM]), and the second (2) offers these services separately (non-IM). METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis from the third-party payer perspective (Colombian healthcare system). A decision analysis tree was used over a 24-month time horizon at a 3% discount rate, considering only direct costs. The outcome was the number of averted HIV perinatal transmission infections. We performed a discrete sensibility analysis and a probabilistic second-order sensitivity analysis with 10 000 iterations (Monte Carlo simulation). RESULTS: Compared with the non-IM, the IM prevented 3% additional HIV perinatal transmission infections, with an incremental cost-effectiveness of US dollar 525 and the highest net monetary benefit at the proposed willingness to pay. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, we found a substantial amount of parameter uncertainty that challenges the evidence in favor of the cost-effectiveness of the IM strategy. CONCLUSIONS: This study opens the possibility of integrating reproductive health and HIV services for women living with HIV in Colombia. In addition, it raises the necessity to produce additional good quality local empirical evidence to inform better and support the estimation of the economic efficiency of such a model in the country.

Factores asociados con la enfermedad venosa crónica: estudio en 1.136 pacientes tratados por várices de miembros inferiores en una clínica especializada en Colombia / Epidemiologia das doenças venosas crônicas: um estudo de 1136 pacientes tratados por varizes de membros inferiores em uma clínica especializada na Colômbia / Factors associated with chronic venous disease: study in 1,136 patients treated for varicose veins of the lower limbs in a specialized clinic

Resumen Contexto Las várices son una condición altamente prevalente en la población general, generando motivos variables de consulta que pueden alterar la calidad de vida del paciente, con prevalencia y factores asociados variando en diferentes series. Objetivos Describir el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes que consultaron por várices, evaluando los principales síntomas y las variables asociadas. Métodos Entre 2019 y 2020, se evaluaron a 1.136 pacientes que asistieron a una consulta de cirugía vascular en un centro ambulatorio especializado. Se registraron variables demográficas, sintomatología, complicaciones y factores asociados, como índice de masa corporal, paridad e historia familiar. Resultados Se evaluaron 1.136 pacientes (79,8% mujeres y 20,2% hombres), con edad media de 53,51 años. La presencia de síntomas fue similar en hombres y mujeres; las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron úlcera, varicorragia y trombosis venosa superficial. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaba CEAP 1, 2 o 3 (n = 909), y más de la mitad tenía sobrepeso u obesidad (n = 679), con predominancia de los clasificados como C4. Sesenta y nueve por ciento tenían historia familiar positiva de várices. No hubo diferencia entre la severidad de las varices y el tiempo laborado de pies o sentado, pero hubo mayor presencia de úlcera C5 o C6 en pacientes que permanecían de pies por más de 4 horas. Conclusiones La descripción de las características de la población con várices ayuda a entender la enfermedad y a concentrar los esfuerzos en aquellos más susceptibles. Los resultados de esta investigación son semejantes a los de otras poblaciones.

Resumo Contexto As varizes são uma condição altamente prevalente na população em geral, gerando motivos variáveis de consulta que podem alterar a qualidade de vida do paciente, com prevalência e fatores associados variando em diferentes séries. Objetivos Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes que consultaram por varizes, avaliando os principais sintomas e as variáveis associadas. Métodos Entre 2019 e 2020, foram avaliados 1.136 pacientes que compareceram a uma consulta de cirurgia vascular em um centro ambulatorial especializado. Foram registradas variáveis demográficas, apresentando sintomas, complicações e fatores associados tais como índice de massa corporal, paridade e histórico familiar. Resultados Foram avaliados 1.136 pacientes (79,8% mulheres e 20,2% homens), com idade média de 53,51 anos. A presença de sintomas foi similar em homens e mulheres; as complicações mais freqüentes foram úlcera, varicorragia e trombose venosa superficial. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava CEAP 1, 2 ou 3 (n = 909), e mais da metade tinha excesso de peso ou obesidade (n = 679), com predominância dos classificados como C4. Sessenta e nove por cento tinham histórico familiar positivo de veias varicosas. Não houve diferença entre a gravidade das varizes e o tempo gasto em pé ou sentado, mas havia uma presença maior de úlcera C5 ou C6 em pacientes que permaneciam em pé por mais de 4 horas. Conclusões A descrição das características da população com varizes ajuda a entender a doença e a canalizar os esforços para aqueles mais suscetíveis. Os resultados desta investigação são semelhantes aos encontrados em outras populações.

Abstract Background Varicose veins are a highly prevalent condition in the general population, generating variable reasons for consultation that can alter the patient's quality of life, with prevalence and associated factors that vary in different series. Objectives To describe the epidemiological profile of patients who consulted for varicose veins by evaluating main symptoms and associated variables. Methods Between 2019 and 2020, 1,136 patients attending vascular surgery consultation in a specialized outpatient center were evaluated. Demographic variables, presented symptoms, complications, and associated factors, such as body mass index, parity and family history, were recorded. Results A total of 1136 patients were evaluated (79.8% women and 20.2% men), with a mean age of 53.51 years. The presence of symptoms was similar in men and women; the most frequent complications were ulcer, varicorrhage, and superficial venous thrombosis. Most patients showed CEAP 1, 2 and 3 (n = 909) and more than half were overweight or obese (n = 679) with a predominance of those classified as C4. Sixty-nine per cent had a positive family history of varicose veins. There was no difference between severity of varicose veins and time working in the standing or sitting position, but there was a greater presence of C5 or C6 ulcer among patients standing for more than 4 hours. Conclusions Describing the characteristics of patients with varicose veins helps to understand the disease and to focus efforts towards those who are more susceptible. The results of this research are similar to those found in other populations.

Safeno-varicectomía convencional como alternativa de tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa en Colombia / Conventional Saphenous Varicectomy as an Alternative Treatment in Colombia for venous insufficiency

Introducción: La insuficiencia venosa impacta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y del sistema de salud de países poco desarrollados, donde las técnicas endovasculares tienen uso limitado por su alto costo, lo que favorece el amplio uso de los métodos quirúrgicos convencionales. Objetivo: Valorar la utilidad de la safeno-varicectomía como alternativa de tratamiento en Colombia para la enfermedad por várices. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de corte transversal en 477 pacientes sometidos a stripping superior y/o flebo-extracción en un centro especializado para el manejo de patologías venosas en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre 2016 y 2018. Las variables estudiadas se dividieron en perioperatorias y posoperatorias, y sus valores se resumieron en las frecuencias absoluta y relativa. Resultados: El 70,4 por ciento de los pacientes correspondió al sexo femenino, el 48 por ciento tenía más de 51 años, y la mayoría se encontraba en sobrepeso (49,5 por ciento) y el 15,1 por ciento en obesidad. El procedimiento más realizado fue la extracción de la safena mayor más varicectomía (72,3 por ciento), principalmente del lado izquierdo (43,8 por ciento). La mayoría de los pacientes refirió dolor moderado y 92,7 por ciento tuvo adherencia a la media compresiva. La mejoría global y estética resultó satisfactoria en el 86,6 por ciento. El 64,7 por ciento reinició sus actividades diarias entre el primer y el tercer día; y el 72,5 por ciento tuvo incapacidad laboral entre 8 y 12 días. Conclusiones: La cirugía convencional tiene excelentes resultados clínicos con poca tasa de complicaciones, lo que puede ser una alternativa de manejo en países con recursos limitados(AU)

Introduction: Venous insufficiency impacts the quality of life of patients and the health system of less developed countries, where endovascular techniques are limitedly used, due to their high cost, which favors the wide usage of conventional surgical methods. Objective: To identify the usefulness of saphenous varicectomy as an alternative treatment in Colombia for varicose vein disease. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 477 patients undergoing superior stripping and/or phlebextraction in a specialized center for the management of venous pathologies in Medellín City, Colombia, between 2016 and 2018. The variables studied were divided into perioperative and postoperative ones, and their values ​​were summarized in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 70.4 percent of the patients were female, 48 percent were over 51 years old, the majority were overweight (49.5 percent), and 15.1 percent were obese. The most performed procedure was extraction of the greater saphenous vein plus varicectomy (72.3 percent), mainly on the left side (43.8 percent). Most of the patients reported moderate pain and 92.7 percent had adherence to compression stocking. Overall and aesthetic improvement was satisfactory in 86.6 percent. 64.7 percent resumed their daily activities between the first and third days, and 72.5 percent had a work disability of 8-12 days. Conclusions: Conventional surgery showed excellent clinical outcomes with a low rate of complications, a reason why it can be a management alternative in countries with limited resources(AU)

Exclusive breastfeeding counseling at Women and Children Friendly Institutions of Bogotá D.C., Colombia / Consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva en Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia de Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is still limited in Colombia. Despite the strategies implemented to promote it, the goal established by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding this practice is far from being achieved. Objective: To describe the current situation of exclusive breastfeeding counseling at Women and Children Friendly Institutions (WCFI) of Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a sample of 76 counselors from 12 WCFI institutions who were administered a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the numerical and categorical variables, and the NVivo 10 software was used to analyze the answers obtained through open questions. Results: Qualified nurses and nursing assistants had the most contact with breastfeeding mothers (84% and 42% respectively). 91% of the participants had not been trained in exclusive breastfeeding counselling according to the WHO guidelines, while 60% of the sample considered that counseling only meant teaching and providing information to mothers on how to breastfeed. Conclusion: Breastfeeding counseling training is focused on providing information on how to breastfeed, but not on developing counseling skills. Furthermore, there is no consensus among health staff that works as breastfeeding counselors about what exclusive breastfeeding counseling is.

Resumen Introducción. En Colombia la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva es baja y, pese a las estrategias implementadas para promoverla, aún falta mucho para cumplir con la meta establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Objetivo. Describir la situación actual de la consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva (CLME) en Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia (IAMI) de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 76 consejeros (miembros del personal en salud) de 12 IAMI, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Para el análisis de las variables numéricas y categóricas se empleó estadística descriptiva y para analizar las respuestas obtenidas mediante preguntas abiertas se usó el software N-Vivo versión 10. Resultados. Los enfermeros y los auxiliares de enfermería fueron los consejeros que tuvieron mayor contacto con las madres lactantes (84% y 42% respectivamente). El 91% de los participantes no contaba con formación en CLME según los lineamientos de la OMS, mientras que para el 60% la consejería significaba enseñar o brindar información a las madres sobre cómo lactar. Conclusión. La formación en consejería en lactancia materna se centra en brindar información sobre cómo lactar, mas no en desarrollar habilidades de consejería; además, no hay un consenso entre el personal de salud que se desempeña como consejero en lactancia materna sobre lo que significa la CLME.

Significados de la actividad física en la cotidianidad. Los lugares de la belleza y el placer en una práctica de salud / Meanings of Physical Activity in Everyday Life. The Places of Beauty and Pleasure in a Health Practice / Significados da atividade física na cotidianidade. Os lugares da beleza e o prazer em uma prática de saúde

Resumen Introducción: La visión de la actividad física como experiencia cotidiana, determinada en parte por la organización social, es importante para entender y promover su práctica, dados los beneficios en salud que conlleva. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo interpretativo enfocado en los significados de la actividad física y su práctica en la cotidianidad de hombres y mujeres de Santander. Participaron 20 mujeres y 21 hombres, escogidos a partir de un muestreo teórico. Desarrollo: La actividad física se entiende como, principalmente, como el movimiento corporal que requiere de esfuerzo superior al del diario vivir, el cual constituye un medio para cuidar la salud y lograr un cuerpo 'normal'. Se trata también de una práctica generizada, que generiza la apariencia y es fuente de placer para sus practicantes. Conclusiones: En los significados de la actividad física, se observan elementos de las recomendaciones poblacionales sobre actividad física y el enlace entre el peso corporal 'normal', la salud y la belleza, conceptos alimentados por el discurso biomédico según el cual el riesgo de enfermar es una consecuencia de las elecciones que hacen las personas sobre su estilo de vida. Estas nociones coexisten con otras sobre la actividad física y el cuerpo, las cuales trazan una ruptura entre el significado de la actividad física y su práctica. A partir de estas, se dilucida un aspecto central del proceso reflexivo detrás de la práctica de actividad física: la conciencia corporal que motiva y acompaña su práctica, en parte proporcionada por el placer que produce la experiencia corporal íntima de la actividad física.

Abstract Introduction: The vision of physical activity as an experience, determined in part by social organization, is essential to understand and promote its practice. Researchers carried out a qualitative interpretative study focused on the meanings of physical activity and its practice in Santanderean men's and women's everyday life. The participants were 20 women and 21 men, chosen by theoretical sampling. Development: Physical activity's main understanding is as a body movement that requires more effort than daily life, which is a way to take care of health and to achieve a "normal" body, and also a gendered practice that generates appearance and is a source of pleasure for its practitioners. Conclusions: Meanings of physical activity show elements of its recommendations and the link between "normal" body weight, health and beauty, concepts fed by the biomedical discourse in which the risk of getting sick is a consequence of the choices people make about their lifestyle. These notions coexist with others about physical activity and the body, which trace a rupture between the meaning of physical activity and its practice. From these, authors elucidated a central aspect of the reflexive process behind the practice of physical activity: The body awareness that motivates and accompanies its practice, partly provided by the pleasure produced by the intimate physical experience of physical activity.

Resumo Introdução: A visão da atividade física como experiência cotidiana determinada em parte pela organização social é importante para entender e promover sua prática, dados os benefícios em saúde que esta traz consigo. Se realizou um estudo qualitativo interpretativo focado nos significados da atividade física e sua prática na cotidianidade de homens e mulheres de Santander. Participaram 20 mulheres e 21 homens, escolhidos a partir de uma amostragem teórica. Desenvolvimento: A atividade física é entendida principalmente como movimento corporal que requere de esforço superior ao da vida diária, o qual constitui um meio para cuidar a saúde e conseguir um corpo "normal". Trata-se também de uma prática generalizada, que generaliza a aparência e é fonte de prazer para seus praticantes. Conclusões: Nos significados da atividade física se evidenciam elementos das recomendações populacionais sobre atividade física e o enlace entre o peso corporal "normal", a saúde e a beleza, conceitos alimentados pelo discurso biomédico no que o risco de ficar doentes é uma consequência das escolhas que fazem as pessoas sobre o seu estilo de vida. Estas noções coexistem com outras sobre a atividade física e o corpo, as quais traçam uma ruptura entre o significado da atividade física e sua prática. A partir destas se dilucida um aspecto central do processo reflexivo por trás da prática de atividade física: a consciência corporal que motiva e acompanha sua prática, em parte proporcionada pelo prazer que produz a experiência corporal íntima da atividade física.

Dolor en personas ancianas con dependencia: programa de visita domiciliaria adaptado culturalmente a población rural / Pain in dependent elderly people: home visit program culturally adapted to a rural population

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar los efectos de un programa de visita domiciliaria culturalmente adaptado sobre la intensidad del dolor de personas ancianas en situación de discapacidad y pobreza en la población rural de Cáqueza-Cundinamarca. Método Estudio cuasi-experimental con pre-prueba y post-prueba. Participaron 34 mayores de 60 años con deficiencia física o visual y dependencia total o parcial. El programa de visita domiciliaria constó de siete visitas con un promedio de dos horas de duración y un intervalo de 13 a 15 días. Para el manejo del dolor se propuso un sincretismo entre medicamentos, plantas medicinales y remedios caseros. El dolor se evaluó con la escala verbal del dolor y en diario de campo fueron registrados los datos cualitativos. Se aplicó la prueba de rangos asignados de Wilcoxon. Resultados En la pre-prueba el 100 % tenían un tipo de dolor y en la post-prueba hubo efectos favorables y significativos (p.valor <0.001) en la disminución del dolor. Cualitativamente son atribuidos los cambios en parte al desarrollo del programa y otras explicaciones corresponden a los valores y creencias del grupo. Conclusiones El programa de visita domiciliaria adaptado culturalmente deja evidencia cómo ofrecer una respuesta donde se dialoga entre el saber popular y profesional logrando una práctica segura y adaptada al universo cultural de las personas. Latinoamerica requiere de profesionales culturalmente sensibles a las expresiones y percepciones de dolor con curiosidad para explorar en la evidencia las posibilidades terapéuticas de las propuestas provenientes del saber popular.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effects of a culturally adapted home visit program on pain intensity in elderly people with disability and poverty conditions in the rural population of Cáqueza-Cundinamarca, Colombia. Method Quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test. The study included 34 people over 60 years of age with physical or visual impairment and total or partial dependence. The home visit program consisted of seven visits paid for an average of two hours and an interval of 13 to 15 days. A syncretism of drugs, medicinal plants and home remedies was proposed for pain management. Pain was assessed using the verbal pain scale and qualitative data were recorded in the field diary. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied. Results During the pre-test, 100 % of the participants presented with a type of pain, while favorable and significant effects were observed in the post-test (p value <0.001) in relation to pain reduction. Changes are qualitatively attributed, partly, to the development of the program and other explanations include values and beliefs of the group. Conclusions The culturally adapted home visits program shows that it is possible to act in contexts where dialogues occur between popular and professional knowledge, achieving a safe practice adapted to the cultural universe of people. Latin America requires professionals culturally sensitive to expressions and perceptions of pain, who are curious to explore, based on evidence, the therapeutic possibilities proposed by popular knowledge.(AU)

[Pain in dependent elderly people: home visit program culturally adapted to a rural population]. / Dolor en personas ancianas con dependencia: programa de visita domiciliaria adaptado culturalmente a población rural.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a culturally adapted home visit program on pain intensity in elderly people with disability and poverty conditions in the rural population of Cáqueza-Cundinamarca, Colombia. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test. The study included 34 people over 60 years of age with physical or visual impairment and total or partial dependence. The home visit program consisted of seven visits paid for an average of two hours and an interval of 13 to 15 days. A syncretism of drugs, medicinal plants and home remedies was proposed for pain management. Pain was assessed using the verbal pain scale and qualitative data were recorded in the field diary. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied. RESULTS: During the pre-test, 100 % of the participants presented with a type of pain, while favorable and significant effects were observed in the post-test (p value <0.001) in relation to pain reduction. Changes are qualitatively attributed, partly, to the development of the program and other explanations include values and beliefs of the group. CONCLUSIONS: The culturally adapted home visits program shows that it is possible to act in contexts where dialogues occur between popular and professional knowledge, achieving a safe practice adapted to the cultural universe of people. Latin America requires professionals culturally sensitive to expressions and perceptions of pain, who are curious to explore, based on evidence, the therapeutic possibilities proposed by popular knowledge.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de visita domiciliaria culturalmente adaptado sobre la intensidad del dolor de personas ancianas en situación de discapacidad y pobreza en la población rural de Cáqueza-Cundinamarca. MÉTODO: Estudio cuasi-experimental con pre-prueba y post-prueba. Participaron 34 mayores de 60 años con deficiencia física o visual y dependencia total o parcial. El programa de visita domiciliaria constó de siete visitas con un promedio de dos horas de duración y un intervalo de 13 a 15 días. Para el manejo del dolor se propuso un sincretismo entre medicamentos, plantas medicinales y remedios caseros. El dolor se evaluó con la escala verbal del dolor y en diario de campo fueron registrados los datos cualitativos. Se aplicó la prueba de rangos asignados de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: En la pre-prueba el 100 % tenían un tipo de dolor y en la post-prueba hubo efectos favorables y significativos (p.valor <0.001) en la disminución del dolor. Cualitativamente son atribuidos los cambios en parte al desarrollo del programa y otras explicaciones corresponden a los valores y creencias del grupo. CONCLUSIONES: El programa de visita domiciliaria adaptado culturalmente deja evidencia cómo ofrecer una respuesta donde se dialoga entre el saber popular y profesional logrando una práctica segura y adaptada al universo cultural de las personas. Latinoamerica requiere de profesionales culturalmente sensibles a las expresiones y percepciones de dolor con curiosidad para explorar en la evidencia las posibilidades terapéuticas de las propuestas provenientes del saber popular.

Dinámicas y prácticas de cuidado en la pobreza, la vejez y la discapacidad: La familia Vargas / Dynamics and care practices in poverty, old age and disability: The Vargas family / Dinâmicas e práticas de cuidado na pobreza, a velhice e a deficiência: a família Vargas

Introducción: Para el profesional de salud que busca ofrecer un cuidado congruente con los valores, creencias, prácticas y necesidades sentidas es un desafío conocer la heterogeneidad y diversidad cultural de un grupo de población que envejece de forma acelerada en el mundo. Objetivo: Este artículo describe las dinámicas y las prácticas de cuidado en salud de una familia en condición de pobreza que vive con una persona anciana en situación de discapacidad en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Método: Estudio cualitativo desarrollado con base en la historia oral de vida, tejido con la participación de tres integrantes de la familia Vargas. Las entrevistas en profundidad suman 894 minutos de grabación. La recolección, procesamiento y análisis de datos se efectuó siguiendo el procedimiento propuesto por el profesor e investigador brasilero José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Resultados: Dos grandes temas emergieron: La familia Vargas: entre lo glocal y lo líquido, y Los Vargas: entre la sobrevivencia y la lucha por la dignidad. Conclusiones: El cuidado ocurre como una expresión de solidaridad familiar en una dinámica ambivalente y tensa, con cargas económicas, emocionales y de deterioro en la calidad de vida para las personas que lo asumen. La familia soporta en la esfera privada la dura carga de cuidar, acumulando muchas más desventajas sociales quedando surcados en un círculo de humillación e indignidad.

Introduction: For health professionals that seek to provide care which aligns with the values, beliefs, practices and perceived need, it is a challenge to know the heterogeneity and cultural diversity of a population group which is rapidly aging. Objective: This article describes the dynamics and health care practices of a family in poverty living with an elderly person with disabilities in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). Method: A qualitative study was developed based on the oral history of life, constructed with the participation of three members of the Vargas family. In-depth interviews total 894 minutes of recording. The collection, processing and data analysis was carried out following the procedure proposed by the Brazilian professor and researcher José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Results: Two major themes emerged: The Vargas family: Between glocal and liquid and The Vargas: between survival and struggle for dignity. Conclusions: The care occurs as an expression of family solidarity in an ambivalent and tense dynamic, with economic and emotional loads which bring deterioration in the quality of life for those who take them. The family supports in the private sphere the heavy burden of care, accumulating many more social disadvantages and in turn end up trapped in a circle of humiliation and indignity.

Introdução: Para o profissional de saúde que visa proporcionar um cuidado congruente com os valores, crenças, práticas e necessidades sentidas é um desafio conhecer a heterogeneidade e diversidade cultural de urna turma de população que envelhece de forma acelerada no mundo. Objetivo: Este artigo descreve as dinâmicas e práticas de cuidado em saúde de uma família em situação de pobreza que vive com uma pessoa idosa com deficiência, na cidade de Bogotá (Colômbia). Método: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com base na história oral de vida, entretecido com a participação de três integrantes da família Vargas. As entrevistas em profundidade totalizam 894 minutos de gravação. A coleta, processamento e analise de dados foi efetuado segundo o procedimento proposto pelo professor e pesquisador brasileiro José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Resultados: Dois grandes temas emergiram: a família Vargas: entre o glocal e o líquido e Os Vargas: entre a sobrevivência e a luta pela dignidade. Conclusões: O cuidado ocorre como expressão de solidariedade familiar sob uma dinámica ambivalente e tensa, com cargas económicas, emocionais e de deterioro na qualidade de vida para as pessoas que o assumem. A família suporta, na esfera privada, o pesado fardo de cuidar, acumulando muitas mais desvantagens sociais saindo franzidos em um círculo de humilhação e indignidade.

Situación de la consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva en el Hospital Engativá / Current Counseling Status of Exclusive Breastfeeding at Engativa Hospital / Situação de Aconselhamento em Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo no Hospital Engativa

Objetivo: Describir la situación actual de la consejería en lactancia materna como apoyo para el inicio y mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los seis meses, en el Hospital de Engativá. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con diseño cuantitativo y cualitativo, realizado en el Hospital de Engativá. La muestra estuvo constituida por 13 profesionales de la salud. Se presentan los resultados preliminares de esta institución, que forma parte de la muestra de la primera parte de la tesis doctoral titulada "Experiencia de la consejería en el apoyo para el inicio y mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los seis meses de edad", de la primera autora de este artículo. Resultados: 77 % (10/13) de las participantes no están formadas como consejeras en lactancia materna; 69 % (9/13) de las participantes tiene contacto con la misma madre en más de una oportunidad; para el 69 % de las participantes, la consejería en lactancia materna significa educar a la madre en lactancia materna. La consejería en lactancia materna llevada a cabo por el 85 % de las participantes se traduce en realizar actividades educativas que buscan informar y enseñar a la madre sobre lactancia. El 54 % de ellas entrega material, como cartillas y folletos. Los temas centrales de la educación son: beneficios de la lactancia materna (85 %), técnica de lactancia materna (69 %) y técnicas de extracción, almacenamiento y transporte de leche materna (38 %). Sin embargo, no se centran en la principal duda que tienen las madres, reconocida por las participantes de este estudio, relacionada con la inseguridad hacia la producción de la leche. Conclusión: No hay claridad sobre el acompañamiento que debe realizarse para promover la lactancia materna y el enfoque de la consejería en lactancia materna por el personal de salud. Es necesario profundizar en lo que significa la consejería en lactancia materna, la metodología y el seguimiento, para promover el inicio de la lactancia y su mantenimiento hasta los seis meses de forma exclusiva.

Objective: Describing the current counseling conditions to support early initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months at Engativa Hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative-and-qualitative design performed at the hospital. The sample: 13 health professionals. We present preliminary results of this entity as a part of the sample taken from the first section of the doctoral thesis, The experience of counseling to support the early initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age. Results: 77 percent (10/13) of the participants are not trained as breastfeeding counselors; 69 percent (9/13) of the participants have contact more than once with the same mother. For 69 percent of the participants, counseling means educate mother in breastfeeding issues while 85 percent of the participants means educational activities to inform and teach the mother about breastfeeding; 54 percent deliver material such as booklets and brochures; the main topics of education are breastfeeding benefits (85 percent), breastfeeding technique (69 percent), and breast milk extraction, storage and transport techniques (38 percent). However, they do not focus on the main doubt for mothers, participants of this study, related to insecurity towards milk production. Conclusion: There is no precision regarding the follow-up to be carried out to promote breastfeeding, nor an approach to breastfeeding counseling by health staff. It is required to godeeper into what breastfeeding counseling meaning, methodology and follow-up, to promote the early initiation of breastfeeding and maintenance until six months exclusively

Objetivo: Descrever a situação atual de aconselhamento em aleitamento materno como apoio para o início e mantimento de aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses, no Hospital de Engativá. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal com desenho quantitativo e qualitativo realizado no dito hospital. A amostra foi de 13 profissionais da saúde. Presentam-se os resultados preliminares desta instituição que faz parte da amostra da primeira parte da tese doutoral, Experiência do aconselhamento no apoio para o início e mantimento do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade. Resultados: 77 % (10/13) das participantes não estão formadas como conselheiras no aleitamento materno, 69 % (9/13) das participantes têm contato com a mesma mãe mais de uma vez. Para o 69 % das participantes, o aconselhamento no aleitamento materno significa educar a mãe em aleitamento materno, enquanto para o 85 % das participantes se traduz em realizar atividades educativas que procuram informar e ensinar à mãe sobre aleitamento. O 54 % entrega material como cartilhas e folhetos. Os temas centrais da educação são benefícios do aleitamento materno (85 %), técnica de aleitamento materno (69 %) e técnicas de extração, armazenamento e transporte do leite materno (38 %). Contudo, não se centram na dúvida principal que têm as mães, reconhecida pelas participantes deste estudo, em relação com a incerteza frente à produção do leite. Conclusão: Não tem claridade com respeito ao acompanhamento que deve ser realizado para promover o aleitamento materno e a abordagem do aconselhamento no aleitamento materno pelo pessoal de saúde. É preciso aprofundar no que significa o aconselhamento no aleitamento materno, a metodologia e o seguimento, para promover o início do aleitamento e seu mantimento até os seis meses de forma exclusiva.

La consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva: de la teoría a la práctica / Counseling in Exclusive Breastfeeding: From Theory to Practice

Son reconocidos los beneficios de la lactancia materna en la salud del binomio madre-hijo; sin embargo, pese a las estrategias para promover su práctica, esta sigue siendo corta. La Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia 2010 reportó una prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva del 42.8%, cifra que aún está lejos de cumplir la meta establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de exclusividad hasta los seis meses de edad y complementaria hasta los dos años. En los últimos 20 años se han puesto en marcha intervenciones como la consejería en lactancia materna. En Colombia, la formación del personal de salud en este tema inició a principios de los años 90; pero, en la actualidad, existen varias dificultades para llevar a la práctica la consejería en lactancia en mujeres gestantes y madres en periodo de lactancia en las diferentes instituciones de salud del país. Como consecuencia, la consejería se enfoca en apoyar a la mujer en las dificultades que se presentan en el acto de amamantar desde el aspecto fisiológico, sin centrarse en la mujer. El conocimiento de las bases teóricas de la consejería permite orientar el acompañamiento a la madre para promover el inicio de la lactancia materna y la exclusividad hasta los seis meses de edad. Del mismo modo, es necesario tener en cuenta los retos que conlleva el pasar de la teoría a la práctica en el contexto colombiano.

The benefits of breastfeeding in terms of health for both mother and child are well known. However, despite the different strategies to promote its practice, breastfeeding practice still remains low. In Colombia, the 2010 ENSIN (Spanish acronym for National Survey on Nutritional Status) reported an exclusive breastfeeding prevalence of 42.8%, an amount still far from achieving the target set by the World Health Organization on breastfeeding exclusivity until the child is six months old and complementary breastfeeding up to two years old. During the last 20 years interventions such as breastfeeding counseling have been set in motion. In Colombia, training of health personnel in breastfeeding counseling began in the early 90s, somehow, currently there are several difficulties to implement breastfeeding counseling in pregnant women and mothers in breastfeeding stage attending health institutions in the country. As a result, counseling focuses on supporting women regarding the difficulties that arise when breastfeeding from the physiological aspect, but it does not focus on women at all. Knowledge on counseling theoretical bases allows orienting the mother to promote breastfeeding and its exclusivity in children until they are six years old. Likewise, it is necessary to take into account the challenges that arise when moving from theory to practice in the Colombian context.

Actividad física ocupacional, de transporte y de tiempo libre: desigualdades según género en Santander, Colombia / Occupation, transportation and leisure-related physical activity: gender inequalities in Santander, Colombia

Objetivos Estimar las prevalencias de actividad física ocupacional, de transporte, de tiempo libre y de cumplimiento de recomendaciones, y explorar su asociación con variables demográficas y socioeconómicas en hombres y mujeres del Departamento de Santander (Colombia). Métodos La muestra fue constituida por 2 421 personas entre los 15 y 64 años participantes en el estudio transversal de Factores de Riesgo para Enfermedades Crónicas en Santander, realizado en el año 2010. Para la recolección de datos se empleó el cuestionario mundial de actividad física. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia de práctica ajustadas por edad y se construyeron modelos multivariados mediante análisis de regresión de Poisson robusta para cada sexo. Resultados Las prevalencias de actividad física ocupacional, de tiempo libre y de cumplimiento de recomendaciones fueron más bajas en las mujeres. La división sexual del trabajo y un bajo nivel socioeconómico influyó negativamente en la actividad física en las mujeres, limitando la posibilidad de práctica de aquellas dedicadas principalmente al trabajo no remunerado en sus hogares. Los hombres jóvenes, solteros o residentes en sectores de estratos socioeconómicos más altos tuvieron más probabilidad de practicar actividad física en el tiempo libre y cumplir recomendaciones. Conclusión La vigilancia y las políticas públicas sobre la actividad física deben tener en cuenta las desigualdades de práctica entre hombres y mujeres y al interior de estos, relacionadas con sus condiciones socioeconómicas y la división sexual del trabajo.(AU)

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of occupation-, transportation- and leisure-related physical activity, its compliance with recommendations, and to explore its association with demographic and socioeconomic variables in men and women of the Department of Santander (Colombia). Methods The sample consisted of 2421 people between 15 and 64 years of age, participants in the Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases of Santander cross-sectional study, developed in 2010. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated and multivariate analysis models were built by sex using robust Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of occupational and leisure physical activity and compliance with recommendations were lower in women. Sexual division of labor and a low socioeconomic level negatively influenced physical activity in women, limiting the possibility of practice of those principally engaged in unpaid work at home. Young or single men and those living in higher socioeconomic areas were more likely to practice physical activity in leisure time and meet recommendations. Conclusion Physical activity surveillance and related public policies should take into account the inequalities between the practice of men and women related to their socioeconomic conditions and the sexual division of labor.(AU)

Conocimiento de las oportunidades perdidas de vacunación en profesionales no PAI (Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones) de Bogotá, D.C. / Knowledge of vaccination lost opportunities in non PAI (Spanish for Extended Immunization Program) professionals in Bogotá, D.C.

Antecedentes. Las oportunidades perdidas de vacunación (OPPV) son todas las circunstancias por las cuales un niño menor de cinco años o una mujer en edad fértil no reciben las vacunas necesarias al acudir a un establecimiento o servicio de salud. Objetivos. Comprender el nivel de conocimiento en OPPV en profesionales no PAI (PNP) de las localidades de San Cristóbal, Suba y Usaquén en Bogotá, D.C. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo con 9 entrevistas realizadas a profesionales no PAI de las tres localidades seleccionadas en el año 2012. Se empleó el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados. Los profesionales entrevistados manifiestan no tener conocimiento acerca de las OPPV, pese a que mencionan elementos fundamentales que hacen parte de estas, tales como restricciones en los horarios, desperdicio de biológicos, difícil localización de los usuarios para sus vacunas y errores del personal médico, entre otras. Conclusión. Este estudio permite hacer un urgente llamado de atención a las instituciones de salud, a la academia y a las autoridades sanitaras del distrito capital respecto a la formación de los profesionales de la salud en tema de OPPV, dado que el desconocimiento de las mismas puede conllevar a no identificarlas, controlarlas, reducirlas ni evitarlas oportunamente.

Background. Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) are all the circumstances in which a child who is younger than five years old or a fertile age woman do not receive the necessary vaccinations when arriving at a health service facility. Objective. To understand the level of knowledge in MOV in non PAI (Spanish for Extended Immunization Program) professionals (NPP) belonging to the localities of San Cristobal, Suba and Usaquén, located in Bogotá D.C. Materials and Methods. A qualitative, descriptive and interpretative study was conducted with 9 interviews applied in 2012 to professionals non PAI professionals belonging to these three localities. The content analysis method was used. Results. The interviewed professionals affirmed they don't have any knowledge about MOV, although they mentioned fundamental elements that are part of these MOV such as schedule restrictions, biological wastes, difficult location of users for administering their vaccinations and medical staff errors, including others. Conclusions. This study allows for an urgent wake-up call to health institutions and sanitary authorities of Bogotá regarding the training of health professionals in MOV aspects, provided that the lack of awareness on this regard can lead to not identify, control, reduce or avoid these MOV at the right time.

[Occupation-, transportation- and leisure-related physical activity: gender inequalities in Santander, Colombia]. / Actividad física ocupacional, de transporte y de tiempo libre: Desigualdades según género en Santander, Colombia.

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of occupation-, transportation- and leisure-related physical activity, its compliance with recommendations, and to explore its association with demographic and socioeconomic variables in men and women of the Department of Santander (Colombia). Methods The sample consisted of 2421 people between 15 and 64 years of age, participants in the Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases of Santander cross-sectional study, developed in 2010. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated and multivariate analysis models were built by sex using robust Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of occupational and leisure physical activity and compliance with recommendations were lower in women. Sexual division of labor and a low socioeconomic level negatively influenced physical activity in women, limiting the possibility of practice of those principally engaged in unpaid work at home. Young or single men and those living in higher socioeconomic areas were more likely to practice physical activity in leisure time and meet recommendations. Conclusion Physical activity surveillance and related public policies should take into account the inequalities between the practice of men and women related to their socioeconomic conditions and the sexual division of labor.