[Ethologic study of the sequelae of prenatal exposure to psychotropic agents]. / Etologicheskoe izuchenie posledstvii prenatal'nogo vozdeistviia psikhotornymi sredstvami.

The consequences of the use of pharmacological agents during pregnancy and delivery can manifest themselves not only in the form of morphological deformities of the fetus but also in the behavioral disturbances at the later age. The experiments on laboratory animals open wide possibilities for detecting the psychotropic agents with a potential ability of disturbing the offspring behavior. These properties were demonstrated for narcotic analgesics, ethanol, some tranquillizers and other drugs. The methods of computed ethological pharmacology enable us to reveal the changes in the structures of behavior of the animals treated with the drugs which cannot be detected by any other methods.

[Effect of opiate receptor agonists and antagonists on maternal aggression in rats]. / Vliianie agonistov i antagonistov opiatnykh retseptorov na materinskuiu agressiiu u krys.

The behavioral effects of opiate agonists and antagonists were studied on the female aggression model. Mu-agonist buprenorphine more selectively decreased maternal aggression than kappa-agonist tifluadom. Kappa-agonists (bremazocine, tifluadom) increased passive defence in lactating female rats. Ethopharmacological data shows predominant involvement of brain mu-opiate receptor system in the integrative processes of maternal behavior and maternal aggression in particular.

Intraspecies behavior of animals based on a model of experimental brain ischemia.

The features of the intraspecies behavior of rats after ligation of the right, left, or both common carotid arteries were studied. It was shown that certain characteristics of behavior change differently following ligation of the right or left common carotid artery. The approach used may be utilized for the assessment of the severity of ischemic brain damage.

[A computer ethological-pharmacological analysis of the intraspecific behavior of primates]. / Komp'iuternyi étologo-farmakologicheskii analiz vnutrividnogo povedeniia primatov.

Experiments were performed on primates (Cercopithecus sabeus, Macaca maurus, Cebus apella). Possibility to formalize the structure of normal and pathological monkey behaviour was shown by computerized technique. Rigid dominant-subordinate structures (linear type) were demonstrated on Macaca maurus, Cercopithecus sabeus, Cebus apella. These structures display some variants of normal relationship between monkeys. Raising in isolation from conspecifics determines behavioural disadaptation and pathological behaviour, e.g. "timid-defensive" syndrome. Model of "timid-defensive" syndrome in isolated primates seems to be useful for psycho-pharmacological research, for assessment of anxiolytic and antidepressive properties of drugs.

[Effect of unilateral spreading cortical depression on intraspecies aggression and sociability of isolated mice]. / Vliianie odnostoronnei korkovoi rasprostraniaiushcheisia depressii na vnutrividovuiu agressiiu i obshchitel'nost' izolirovannykh myshei.

It has been shown that aggressive forms of behaviour are controlled preferentially by the left hemisphere and sociability by the right one. Consequently, the opposite poles of the continuum "aggression-sociability" have different lateralization. Interconnection between functional interhemispheric asymmetry and aggression degree has been revealed: in high-aggressive mice the differences in the effect of left and right hemispheres inactivation are expressed stronger as compared to low-aggressive and nonaggressive animals.

[Intraspecies animal behavior in a model of experimental cerebral ischemia]. / Vnutrividovoe povedenie zhivotnykh na modeli éksperimental'noi ishemii mozga.

Specifics of intraspecies behaviour following ligation of both or either one of the two carotid arteries, were studied in rats. Certain behavioural features are altered in different ways depending on ligation of the right or left carotid artery. The approach can be applied to evaluation of graveness of the brain ischemic lesion.

[Independent benzodiazepine and beta-carboline binding sites in the brain of aggressive and anxious-defensive mice]. / Nezavisimye mesta sviazyvaniia benzodiazepinov i beta-karbolinov v golovnom mozge agressivnykh i trevozhno-zashchitnykh myshei.

Distribution of specific 3H-flunitrazepam and 3H-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate binding sites in the brain regions of aggressive and timid-defensive mice was investigated before and after subchronic injection of diazepam (5 mg/kg). The absence of differences between the affinity and concentration of 3H-flunitrazepam binding sites in diencephalon and brain cortex in aggressive and defensive mice may be explained by general benzodiazepine receptor reaction on isolation and agonistic interaction stress. Significant predominance of 3H-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate binding sites in the brain cortex, as compared to the concentration of 3H-flunitrazepam binding sites suggests the presence of specific binding sites for beta-carbolines, which have specific distribution in the brain.

[Pharmacoethological analysis of the effects of thyroliberin and melanostatin in a model of anxious-defensive behavior in mice]. / Farmakoétologicheskii analiz éffektov tiroliberina i melanostatina na modeli trevozhno-zashchitnogo povedeniia myshei.

Psychotropic properties of thyroliberin and melanostatin were studied on the model of timid-defensive behaviour of mice. Oligopeptides increased defensive behaviour and timidity, and decreased intraspecies sociability. GABA deficiency and dopaminergic system blockade increased timid-defensive behaviour of mice. Mobilizing activity of peptides on the agonistic behaviour (aggression and defense) may be explained by their anxiogenic properties.

[Psychopathological and hormonal manifestations of alcoholic intoxication and emotional stress in monkeys]. / Psikhopatologicheskie i gormonal'nye proiavleniia alkogo'noi intoksikatsii i émotsional'nogo stressa u obez'ian.

Ethological approach to studying mature P. hamadryas and M. mulatta males has revealed a wide spectrum of changes in individual and zoosocial behaviour in response to the administration of different alcohol doses and stress stimuli. It has been established that neuroendocrine basis for the depression of psychic and locomotor activities developing in conditions of alcohol intoxication and emotional stress is an extremely high release of catecholamines and the increase of glucocorticoid secretion accompanied by a sharp decrease in androgen products. It should be noted that the exposure to stress stimuli during consumption of small alcohol doses intensifies depression-like stress-induced behaviour of monkeys.

Pharmaco-ethological analysis of antidepressant drug effects.

An ethological approach to the analysis of antidepressant drug action focuses on the restorative effects of these drugs on intraspecies behavior and locomotor activity. The present analysis reveals that iprazid and amphetamine differentially alter locomotion and intraspecies behavior in mice that were pretreated with reserpine. Fluoxetine restores intraspecies behavior, specifically by increasing the number of passive contacts, but without activating locomotion. Trazodon, pyrazidol and clomipramine restore aggression by dominant mice that was suppressed by aversive stimulation. The restoration of intraspecies behavior among laboratory rodents subjected either to reserpine treatment or to prolonged aversive stimulation may reveal the antidepressant effects of drugs.

[Discrete and continuous mathematical models of intraspecific behavior in the pharmacoethology of the mouse]. / Diskretnaia i nepreryvnaia matematicheskie modeli vnutrividovogo povedeniia v farmakoétologii myshei.

An algorithm and software library were compiled in order to interpret the intraspecies agonistic animal behaviour in terms of discrete or continuous mathematical model. Applied aspects of the use of mathematical models in pharmacoethology were shown on concrete examples. The ways of construction of standard prototypes, and the integrative criteria of psychotropic drugs action were developed. The possibility was shown of identification of unknown substances by comparing with standard drugs by calculating the norm of standardized matrices.

[Pharmacoethological analysis of the action of beta-carbolines]. / Farmakoétologicheskii analiz deistviia nekotorykh beta-karbolinov.

The ethological spectrum of four beta-carbolines was studied for intraspecific aggression, sociability integration and individual behavior. It was established that beta-carboline-3-carboxyethyl ether given at subconvulsant doses increases aggression, lowers sociability as a diazepam antagonist. Diazepam reduces aggression and increases sociability. It is suggested that benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the integration of interspecific sociability and aggressive behavior of the "attack" type. Aggression of the defence type has no inhibitory beta-carboline control (1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-beta-carboline). The differences in the ethological spectra of beta-carbolines have been demonstrated.

[Pharmaco-ethological study of analgesia induced by intraspecies fighting behavior]. / Farmakoétologicheskoe izuchenie anal'gezii, vyzvannoi vnutrividovoi konfrontatsiei.

The time-dependent characteristics and ethological features of intraspecies fighting-induced analgesia were demonstrated in experiments on dominant and submissive-defeated mice. Opiate but not GABAergic mechanisms were found to be involved in fighting-induced analgesia in submissive-defeated mice.