[Lectinology as a section of forensic medical serology].

General and special properties of lectins are compared with their serological peculiarities and diversity. For forensic medicine, lectins difference, with lectins anti-H as illustration, is demonstrated as manifestation of immunochemical relativity. Judgements on the function and origin of lectins are presented.

[Ax and Am antigens: possible diagnostic reagents to them].

Antigens of the discussed groups are difficult to diagnose; they have some features of group O and can cause expertise errors. Elucidated in the paper are issues related with determination of such antigens, in particular, by means of phytohemagglutinins of anti-(A+B).

[Partial group-specific phytohemagglutinins anti-B1 and anti-B2]. / Partsial'nye gruppospetsificheskie fitogemaggliutininy anti-B1 i anti-B2.

Saline phytohemagglutinins (PHA) were detected in the aril of seeds Evonymus alata and E. sacrosancta (anti-B1) and in seeds Sophora japonica (anti-B2). They are highly sensitive to samples used in the detection of incomplete antibodies. Sophora contains also an incomplete partial PHA anti-B2 of the blocking type. As for extracts, they obviously do not contain PHA to erythrocytes of animals.

[Determination of antigens A1 and A2 in erythrocytes by phytohemagglutinins]. / Opredelenie antigenov A1 i A2 éritrotsitov fitogemaggliutininami.

Phytohemagglutinins antiH2 antiA1 and antiA2, when used jointly, ensure a reliable diagnosis of subantigens A1 and A2. Vegetable extracts are easier-to-find and safer for the purpose versus rare and hard-to-standardize corresponding isosera.

[Methods of achieving group-specific activity of plant extracts]. / O metodakh dostizheniia gruppospetsificheskoi aktivnosti rastitel'nykh ékstratov.

Different methods of eliminating the side effects of phytohemagglutinins and of enhancing the titer of a needed phytohemagglutinin are described. The importance of the above methods for the forensic-medicine serology is demonstrated.

[Forensic medical nomenclature of human organ and tissue antigens]. / O sudebno-meditsinskoi nomenklature organotkanevykh antigenov organizma cheloveka.

Development of a new trend in forensic medical is discussed: organ and tissue serology. The author validates the need in development of the relevant taxonomy with consideration for specific terms and items. Data on tissue and organ antigens are classified and a scheme of their classification for forensic medicine is proposed for the first time.

[Human organ and tissue antigens]. / Organnye i tkanevye antigeny cheloveka.

Necessity of a new trend in detection of organ and tissue traces on trauma instruments by serological methods using present-day literary data is stressed.

[Modification of the immunoenzyme analysis of haptens as exemplified by testosterone determination]. / Modifikatsiia immunofermentnogo analiza gaptenov na primere opredeleniia testosterona.

The solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for testosterone (TS), permitting the determination of this hormone at concentrations of up to 0.5 ng/ml, has been developed. The method comprises the adsorption of TS conjugated with soya trypsin inhibitor in the wells of a standard polystyrene assay plate, competition between adsorbed TS and TS under test for the binding sites of specific antibodies, and the detection of antibodies bound to the carrier by means of peroxidase-labeled antispecific antibodies. Antisera to TS have been obtained by the immunization of rabbits with TS conjugated with bovine serum albumin of a known composition. These antisera are specific to TS and do not interact with estrogens and progesterone. The study of their cross reactions with eleven TS derivatives has demonstrated that antibodies reveal the presence of structural changes in ring D of the molecule of TS and are insensitive to variations in ring A. The determinant comprising the 17-OH-group essentially contributes to the binding of antibodies.

[Detection of soluble antigens of blood group ABH using immunoenzyme analysis]. / Vyiavlenie rastvorimykh antigenov grupp krovi ABH s pomoshch'iu immunofermentnogo analiza.

The use of the indirect ELISA techniques did not ensure the sharp differentiation of the antigens of the blood groups A and B on the polystyrene sorbent by means of heteroimmune sera, though such differentiation could be achieved by means of monoclonal antibodies. The test system known as "the lectin-antibody sandwich" was found to have the optimum sensitivity and specificity permitting the detection of soluble ABH antigens. This variant of ELISA permitted the detection of blood group A antigen both in native biological materials and in traces of blood and saliva, thus making it possible to carry out its quantitative determination.