[Breast cancer with low levels of blood lipids]. / Rak molochnoi zhelezy i nenasyshennost' lipidov krovi.

Double-bond lipids levels in blood were assessed in 113 breast cancer patients. The levels of double bonds in plasma lipids and red blood cells were found to be much higher than those in healthy females and cases of mastopathia cystica fibrosa. A correlation between tumor extension and insufficient levels of blood lipids was established. The double-bond levels were higher: (a) in blood lipids of inoperable cases as compared with surgical ones; (b) in cases of stage I-II tumor, as compared with stage III, and (c) in cases of unfavorable clinico-morphological factors. Blood lipids levels tended to be relatively higher in patients who survived a shorter period after examination. It is suggested that lipids insufficiency in blood may be used as an indicator of certain interrelationships between tumor and body at different stages of tumor process.

[Level of double bonds in lipids in human plasma and erythrocytes]. / Uroven' dvoinykh sviazei v lipidakh plazmy i éritrotsitov cheloveka.

The unsaturation of plasma and red blood cell lipids and their total content of blood were determined in 212 donors. There was a significant individual variability of double binds in human blood lipids. A correlation was found between the magnitude of lipid unsaturation and the total blood lipid levels. The levels of double binds and total lipids did not depend upon the donors' sex and age. There were seasonal variations in the levels of double binds and lipid in plasma and red blood cells.

[Unsaturated blood lipids in breast cancer patients]. / Nenasyshchennost' lipidov krovi u bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The degree of unsaturation of blood lipids in patients having undergone radical surgery for mammary cancer was studied. It was shown that the content of double bonds in the lipids of plasma and red cells in cancer patients is significantly lower than in patients with diffuse cancer but higher than in patients with benign breast tumors. It was also established that there exists a relationship between the degree of lipid unsaturation, the tumor spread (stage of the disease, metastases into the regional lymph nodes), and also patient survival. Variations in the double-bond level of blood lipids depending on the morphological structure of the tumor were established.

[The level of double bonds in the blood lipids of lung cancer patients]. / Uroven' dvoinykh sviazei v lipidakh krovi bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The total unsaturation of lipids in plasma and erythrocytes of patients with lung carcinoma was studied. It was demonstrated that the level of unsaturation of blood lipids had a definite prognostic significance for patients with malignant tumors. More favourable prognosis for patients with lung carcinoma was connected with a decline of double-bond level and its invariability (or even its reduction) after chemotherapy.

[The effect of chemotherapy on the total unsaturation and composition of plasma phospholipids and erythrocytes in patients with disseminated breast cancer]. / Vliianie khimioterapii na summarnuiu nenasyshchennost' i sostav fosfolipidov plazmy i éritrotsitov u bol'nykh rasprostranennym rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The total unsaturation and composition of blood phospholipids were studied in patients with disseminated breast cancer prior to and after chemotherapy. It was shown that the level of double bonds in blood lipids was quite definitely related to the effect of treatment and may have an independent prognostic significance. A correlation was established between the survival of patients and the character of changes in the level of double bonds after chemotherapy. The treatment did not influence the relative content of different fractions and the oxidizability of plasma phospholipids and erythrocytes.

[Induction of the tumoricidal activity of human and murine peritoneal macrophages under the action of antitumor chemical preparations]. / Induktsiia opukholetsidnoi aktivnosti peritoneal'nykh makrofagov cheloveka i myshi pod vozdeistviem protivoopukholevykh khimiopreparatov.

Platidiam, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin induced tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages from patients with disseminated ovarian carcinoma when applied in the autologous tumor cells in vitro. This effect was not observed with 10 micrograms/ml concentration of 5-fluorouracil. The mice peritoneal macrophages after incubation in vitro with 0.01-1.0 micrograms/ml of aclarubicin showed cytostatic action on syngeneic and semisyngeneic P388 cells. The peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with 2.5 mu/kg of aclarubicin intraperitoneally 1-4 days before were cytotoxic for tumor cells too.

[Comparative evaluation of the antitumor, cytogenetic and immunodepressive effects of dimetinur when used perorally and parenterally]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka protivoopukholevogo, tsitogeneticheskogo i immunodepressivnogo éffektov dimetinura pri peroral'nom i parenteral'nom primenenii.

The dimethylnitrosourea action after oral and parenteral administration was comparatively evaluated on the basis of criteria for the antitumour and cytogenetic activity, as well as for the immune (T-cell) reactivity of tumour-bearing and intact animals. A considerable antitumour effect and the induction of the overload chromosomal aberrations in tumour cells with the complete preservation of bone marrow cells were observed during the oral drug application. Dimethyl nitrosourea-induced T-cell depression in murine spleen was transitory and reversible. Thus the oral administration of the drug was shown to be optimal for realization of its therapeutical activity with the least toxic side effect on the host normal hemopoietic and immunocompetent cells.

Sensitivity of clonogenic cells of human ovarian ascitic cancer to antitumor drugs.

The sensitivity of human primary ovarian tumors to cyclophosphamid, 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin was investigated using tumor cell cultivation in agar diffusion chamber. It was found that the growth of clonogenic cells of human ovarian cancer was most strongly inhibited by cyclophosphamid and 5-fluorouracil. Tumor sensitivity to cyclophosphamid and cis-platin was significantly higher when tumor cells were cultivated in the presence of macrophages, the effect being dependent on the macrophage concentration. Tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil was higher if prior to treatment macrophages were removed from the tumor cell suspension.

[Sensitivity of clonogenic cells of human ascitic ovarian cancer to antitumor agents]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' klonogennykh kletok astsitnogo raka iachnikov cheloveka k protivoopukholevym preparatam.

A soft agar colony assay using diffusion chamber technique in vivo for studying the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents of clonogenic tumor cells of primary ovarian carcinoma was used. The highest cytotoxic sensitivity on human clonogenic tumour cells was observed to cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. The sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma to chemotherapeutic agents was dependent essentially on the presence of macrophage in cell culture.

[Clonogenic cells in human tumors and the sensitivity to chemotherapy]. / Klonogennye kletki v opukholiakh cheloveka i chuvstvitel'nost' k khimioterapii.

The current literature data on the cloning of human tumour cells, the use of clonal assays of tumour growth for studying biology, cell kinetics and cytogenetic analysis of human tumour cells, drug sensitivity and related clinical and preclinical studies are reviewed.

[Metronidazole: basic experimental results and clinical prospects]. / Metronidazol, osnovnye éksperimental'nye rezul'taty, perspektivy dlia kliniki.

The paper is concerned with the effect of metronidazole, one of the radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. Analysis of the literature data has shown that at present metronidazole can be used to enhance the sensitivity of hypoxic cells to irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs and as a cytotoxic agent. These effects are determined by the radiation-chemical mechanism, the toxic effect of recovery products, a decrease in the content of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, the suppression of cell regeneration resulting from lethal injuries. The authors' experimental results obtained in 4 murine and human tumors growing in diffusion chambers have shown that the level of radiosensitization does not depend on tumor growth rate and proliferative activity, that it depends on the type of tumors and their individual features and increases with single irradiation as compared to fractional. The degree of chemosensitization also depends, to a great extent, on a tumor type, schemes of drug administration and the type of drugs.

[Experimental approaches in studying the biological properties and radiation sensitivity of human brain tumors]. / Eksperimental'nye podkhody k izucheniiu biologicheskikh svoistv i chuvstvitel'nosti k oblucheniiu opukholei golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

The share of proliferating cells, the tumor growth fraction, was studied in 11 cases of glial tumors of the large hemispheres of man. The individual sensitivity of human glial tumors to irradiation was determined in 7 cases by the method of tumor growth in diffusion chambers. It was established that glioblastomas and dedifferentiated astrocytomas were characterized by a sufficiently high proliferative activity. The duration of the history of the disease and the period free of recurrences correlated with the value of the growth fraction in many cases. Gliomas, even of the same histostructure, differed considerably in the reaction to irradiation in some patients. The sensitivity of tumor cells to irradiation in growth in diffusion chambers does not depend on the proliferative activity of the initial tumors determined on operative material.

Proliferative activity and radiosensitivity of human tumors.

On surgery material and biopsies from human tumors of various types investigation of labeling index and growth fraction in vitro, cell survival and cell population kinetics in diffusion chambers and changes in the cell kinetic parameters after irradiation were performed. The analysis of results obtained using the diffusion chambers and in vitro system demonstrate variability in labeling index within tumors of various type, individual differences and variation within the same tumor. Significant variability of growth fraction in individual tumors was also noted, however, in many instances, the most of cells in tumor were not proliferating. The growth fraction in gliomas and tumors of the floor of mouth was greater in tumors with high labeling index, in patients with a short tumor history and in patients with the short nonrelapse period. In the same groups of tumors changes of labeling index growth fraction during radiotherapy were compared with the therapeutic response of tumors. It can be concluded that the initial parameters of proliferative activity (labeling index and growth fraction) did not determine the radiation response of tumors but the dynamics and the intensity of their changes during the treatment were more informative in this respect. Complete regression of tumor may be expected only with decrease of labeling index and growth fraction.