[Dynamics of risk of fatal cardiovascular diseases evaluated with the SCORE scale in men with disorders of fat metabolism].

In 141 apparently healthy working men aged 55 years (mean) we assessed body mass index (BMI), states of lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism, morphological and functional state of the cardiovascular system (transthoracic echocardiography), carotid artery intima-media complex (IMC) (ultrasound investigation). Ten year risk of fatal heart disease was also evaluated with the SCORE scale. Same examination of all 141 men was repeated in 3 years. At both examinations 50% of subjects had abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Among these subjects 50% had hypercholesterolemia while hypertriglyceridemia was registered in 7 men. In 3 years numbers of patients with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased. Arterial hypertension (AH) at initial examination was found in about one fifth of men. After 3 years number of patients with AH did not significantly increase, but the structure of the disease changed: number of patients with stage 2 AH increased and of those with stage 1 AH decreased. Cardiovascular risk measured in accordance with the SCORE scale was moderate at initial examination but significantly increased after three years. Thus despite the fact that during 3-year follow-up the subjects maintained relatively stable body mass and parameters of lipid metabolism risk of occurrence of fatal cardiovascular complications increased probably due to the aging and presence of additional risk factors (low high density lipoprotein, IMC thickening). Ultrasound investigation revealed that the AH progression contributed to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and increase of intima-media thickness of brachiocephalic arteries.

[Risk factors of development of hypertension and metabolic abnormalities in practically healthy].

In a group of 492 apparently healthy working men (mean aged 55 years) we measured body mass index (BMI), and assessed states of lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism, morphological and functional state of cardiovascular system (by transthoracic echocardiography), thickness of intima-media complex of common carotid artery (by ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic arteries). SCORE tables were used for calculation of 10 year risk of fatal heart disease. Most frequent findings were excessive weight (n = 306, 62.2%) and I-II degree obesity (n = 105, 21.34%). Most subjects had elevated level of total cholesterol (n = 323, 65.65%) or low density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3 mmol/l (n = 369, 75.93%). There was significant difference in levels of uric acid between groups of subjects with a BMI < 25 and > 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.00). About one third of men had arterial hypertension. Portion of subjects with grade 1-2 hypertension was significantly higher among persons with BMI above 25 kg/m2. Transthoracic echocardiography showed that increase in BMI was significantly associated with increased left atrial and aortic diameters and thicknesses of left ventricular posterior wall and ventricular septum (p = 0.00) although cardiac contractility and diastolic function were not compromised.

[The effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxia on oxygen metabolism in hypertonic pilots]. / Vliianie preryvistoi normobaricheskoi gipoksii na kislorodnyi metabolizm u pilotov s gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

Oxygen tissue metabolism was evaluated in hypertonic pilots in order to draw up an optimal treatment plan. Oxygen metabolism kinetics was determined with the help of transcutaneous polarography and the local ischemic extremity test was applied to measure the O2 utilization efficiency. Breathing mixture of 90% nitrogen and 10% oxygen (GGS-10) was used in therapeutic sessions of intermittent normobaric hypoxia. Results point to the reduced tissue breathing intensity and cell functional energy reserve in hypertonic patients. However, O2 metabolism is much closer to normal in pilots as compared with non-flyers. In pilots, O2 utilization is more intensive, energy supply of cells is higher, O2 transport and utilization are well-balanced, and tissue breathing is less reactive to the hypoxic factor. Dynamic kinetics of O2 metabolism tested post treatment suggested activation of O2 tissue metabolism in the hypertonic pilots rather than O2 transport which was stimulated in non-flyers. In addition, by the end of treatment the pilots were advised to extend the period of breathing GGS-10 leaving the period of air breathing unchanged. Consequently, the pilots were more adaptable to hypoxia than the non-flyers and, therefore, improved O2 tissue metabolism more rapidly.