RESUMO
Glioma is known as one of the most common primary intracranial tumors accounting for four-fifths of malignant brain tumors. There are several biological pathways that play a synergistic, pathophysiological role in glioma, including apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and cell cycle arrest. According to previous rese arches, the drugs used in the treatment of glioma have been associated with significant limitations. Therefore, improved and/or new therapeutic platforms are required. In this regard, multiple flavonoids and alkaloids have been extensively studied in the treatment of glioma. Berberine is a protoberberine alkaloid with wide range of pharmacological activities, applicable to various pathological conditions. Few studies have reported beneficial roles of berberine in glioma. Berberine exerts its pharmacological functions in glioma by controlling different molecular and cellular pathways. We reviewed the existing knowledge supporting the use of berberine in the treatment of glioma and its effects on molecular and cellular mechanisms.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/fisiologia , Berberina/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Glioma/patologia , Glioma/radioterapia , HumanosRESUMO
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and is a major health problem throughout the world. Today, researchers have discovered many risk factors that are associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Studies have shown that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins are involved in tumorigenesis by epigenetic mechanisms. Hence, it seems that piRNAs and PIWI proteins may be potential prognostic, diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of glioma. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between piRNAs and PIWI proteins and some of the molecular and cellular pathways in glioma. Here, we summarize recent evidence and evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which piRNAs and PIWI proteins are involved in glioma. Video abstract.
Assuntos
Proteínas Argonautas/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Animais , Epigênese Genética , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases which occur in aged people worldwide. Given that a sequence of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stresses, apoptosis, inflammatory pathways, microglia, astrocyte activation, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with initiation and the progression of PD. AQP4 may affect various pathways (i.e., α-synuclein, inflammatory pathways, and microglia and astrocyte activation). Few reports have evaluated the relationship between AQP4 and PD-related cellular and molecular pathways. Here, for the first time, we highlighted the relationship between AQP4 and molecular mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis.
