Transdermal Sensing of Enzyme Biomarker Enabled by Chemo-Responsive Probe-Modified Epidermal Microneedle Patch in Human Skin Tissue.

Wearable bioelectronics represents a significant breakthrough in healthcare settings, particularly in (bio)sensing which offers an alternative way to track individual health for diagnostics and therapy. However, there has been no notable improvement in the field of cancer, particularly for skin cancer. Here, a wearable bioelectronic patch is established for transdermal sensing of the melanoma biomarker, tyrosinase (Tyr), using a microneedle array integrated with a surface-bound chemo-responsive smart probe to enable target-specific electrochemical detection of Tyr directly from human skin tissue. The results presented herein demonstrate the feasibility of a transdermal microneedle sensor for direct quantification of enzyme biomarkers in an ex vivo skin model. Initial performance analysis of the transdermal microneedle sensor proves that the designed methodology can be an alternative for fast and reliable diagnosis of melanoma and the evaluation of skin moles. The innovative approach presented here may revolutionize the landscape of skin monitoring by offering a nondisruptive means for continuous surveillance and timely intervention of skin anomalies, such as inflammatory skin diseases or allergies and can be extended to the screening of multiple responses of complementary biomarkers with simple modification in device design.

Application Scopes of Miniaturized MXene-Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers-Based Electrochemical Energy Devices.

Exploring combinatorial materials, as well as rational device configuration design, are assumed to be the key strategies for deploying versatile electrochemical devices. MXene sheets have revealed a high hydrophilic surface with proper mechanical and electrical characteristics, rendering them supreme additive candidates to integrate in electrospun electrochemical power tools. The synergetic effects of MXene 2D layers with the nanofibrous networks can boost actuator responsive ability, battery capacity retention, fuel cell stability, sensor sensitivity, and supercapacitor areal capacitance. Their superior mechanical features can be endowed to the electrospun layers through the embedding of the MXene additive. In this review, the preparation and inherent features of the MXene configurations are briefly evaluated. The fabrication and overall performance of the MXene-loaded nanofibers applicable in electrochemical actuators, batteries, fuel cells, sensors, and supercapacitors are comprehensively figured out. Eventually, an outlook on the future development of MXene-based electrospun composites is presented. A substantial focus has been devoted to date to engineering conjugated MXene and electrospun fibrous frames. The potential performance of the MXene-decorated nanofibers presents a bright future of nanoengineering toward technological growth. Meanwhile, a balance between the pros and cons of the synthesized MXene composite layers is worthwhile to consider in the future.