The influence of galvanic currents and voltage on the proliferation activity of lymphocytes and expression of cell surface molecules.

Release of metal ions from dental metal fillings supported by galvanism can cause local or general pathological problems in sensitive and genetically susceptible individuals. We aimed to investigate in vitro lymphocyte responses and expression of surface molecules influenced by galvanic currents and voltage. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were influenced by galvanic currents and voltages and lymphocyte proliferation was measured. Control samples were not exposed to the influence of galvanism. We also studied the expression of surface molecules by the FACS analysis. A 15-h and shorter influence of almost all tested currents and voltages caused a significant decrease in lymphocyte proliferation and the 15-h influence of 20 microA currents significantly increased expression of surface molecules CD 19, 11a/18, 19/69 and 19/95. An influence of 10 and 3 microA currents led to a significant decrease in the expression of surface molecules CD 3, 11a/18, 3/69 and 3/95 and to a significant increase in CD 19 expression. An 80 mV voltage influence led to a significant decrease in the expression of surface molecules CD 3, 11a/18, 3/69, 3/95, 19/69 and 19/95, and 200 and 300 mV voltages significantly decreased the expression of surface molecules CD 3, 19, 11a/18, 3/95 and 19/95 and significantly increased CD 19/69 expression. A long-lasting influence of galvanism can, in sensitive and genetically susceptible individuals, influence lymphocyte proliferation and surface molecule expression. The threshold for pathological values of 5 microA for galvanic currents and 100 mV for galvanic voltage was confirmed.

[Insulinemia, fatty acids in plasma lipids and lipoproteins and oxidation of VLDL and LDL in hyperlipidemia]. / Inzulinémie, mastné kyseliny plasmatických lipidu a lipoproteinu a oxidabilita VLDL a LDL u hyperlipidemiku.

Both insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia are connected with an increased oxidative stress, playing a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. A significant event in the process being the oxidative modification of the lipoproteins, especially LDL. Aim of the study was to analyse relationships between the fatty acid composition of the plasma cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and of the separated LDL, insulinaemia and oxidability of both VLDL and LDL particles. We have observed the group of 75 patients with hyperlipidaemia (52 men and 23 women), which was divided in the two subgroups after the basal insulinaemia (more resp. less than 13 mU/l). Fasting hyperinsulinaemia of the probands with normal glucose tolerance served as a marker of an insulin resistance. Patients with both hyperlipidaemia and basal hyperinsulinaemia were characterized by a significantly higher concentration of TG, apolipoprotein B in LDL, and lower concentration of cholesterol in HDL, especially in HDL3. We have observed only marginally significant elevation of concentration of the dihomo-gammalinolenic acid (DGLA) in plasma PC and also higher concentrations of alpha-linolenic and lower of arachidonic acid (AA) and in LDL-CE in the hyperinsulinaemic group. We have also found significantly positive correlations between the stearic acid in plasma PC, alpha-linolenic acid in plasma TG on one hand and the basal insulinaemia on the other hand. Significant positive correlation was also found between the ratio docosahexaenoic/docosapentaenic acid and insulinaemia in 120 min of oral glucose tolerance test. Significant negative correlation was observed between the ratio AA/DGLA and basal insulinaemia. Analysing the lipoperoxidation of VLDL and LDL using the method of conjugated diene kinetics we have found statistically non-significant decrease of lag phase duration of LDL and VLDL (their oxidability).

[Fatty acid composition and parameters of VLDL and LDL in persons with dyslipidemia]. / Slození mastných kyselin a parametry lipoperoxidace VLDL a LDL u osob s dyslipidémií.

BACKGROUND: Oxidatively modified LDL play an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, initiation and development of atherosclerosis and stability of the atheromatous plaque. The increased oxidative stress is apparent from a number of deviations, which are part of the insulin resistance syndrome (hypertension, hypoalphacholesterolaemia, diabetes and hyperlipoproteinaemia). The objective of the work was to examine the degree of oxidation and oxidability of LDL and VDL in subjects with dyslipidaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 40 subjects with dyslipidaemia, defined as a triglyceride concentration above 2.30 mmol/l and a drop of HDL cholesterol below 0.90 mmol/l, the authors assessed the fatty acid profile in plasma lipid classes and LDL by capillary gas chromatography. Lipoperoxidation in VLDL and LDL was examined by the method of kinetics of conjugated dienes according to Esterbauser. The results were compared with a group of healthy controls. The group of dyslipidaemic subjects had higher concentrations of NEFA, IRI, blood sugar and uric acid. In these subjects the concentration of conjugated dienes in VLDL was significantly higher and the lag stage in VLDL and LDL was reduced. Both groups differed as to the composition of VLDD and LDL. The group of dyslipidaemic subjects had a higher concentration of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. A constant finding in the fatty acid profile of all lipid classes was a raised concentration of palmitoleic acid and reduced linoleic acid concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidaemic subjects have, as compared with a control group, higher NEFA, IRI and uric acid concentrations. Furthermore they differed not only by the composition of VLDL and LDL but also by a higher degree of VLDL oxidation and reduced resistance to lipoperoxidation of VLDL and LDL particles. A consistent finding in the fatty acid profile was an increased level of palmitoleic acid in all plasma lipid classes and LDL and a drop of linoleic acid in phosphatidylcholine LDL and plasma cholesterolesters.

[Relation between cardiorespiratory indicators, blood lipids, and the amount and distribution of adipose tissue in middle-aged men]. / Vztah kardiorespiracních ukazatelu, krevních lipidu, mnozství a rozlození tuku u muzu stredního veku.

BACKGROUND. In middle-aged and elderly men the cardiovascular mortality in this country is still relatively high. The objective of the presented work was therefore the validation of simple parameters of fat deposition as a risk factor in order to select subjects at risk where preventive measures are called for. METHODS AND RESULTS. In 68 men aged 43.8 +/- 7.4 years from a sample of managers of a Prague bank the case-history we evaluated, as well as a basic physical examination, a loading test on a bicycle ergometer (performance evaluated in W/kg body weight or lean body mass) and ECG; serum lipids were examined (total and HDL-cholesterol, triacyglycerols), the body mass index (BMI), the ratio of depot fat (by evaluation of 10 skinfolds measured by means of a caliper) and the distribution of body fat (indices relating either only the subscapular and tricipital skinfold or all skinfolds on the trunk to all skinfolds on the extremities, and the waist/hip ratio). The basic physical examination did not reveal any serious acute diseases. Mean BMI values (26.7 +/- 3.4 kg/m2) and body fat ratio (20.8 +/- 4.2%) were higher than standard values. 24.1% of the men were obese, the W/H ratio was 0.9 +/- 0.1 but this index, similarly as the other mentioned indices, were elevated, indicating risk. The mean values of the heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after a load were normal, however 11.5% of the men had an elevated diastolic pressure after a load and a similar percentage of men manifested during a load certain signs of myocardial ischaemia. The prevalence of hypertension according to WHO criteria was 9.6%. On average, however, the physical performance (W/kg of the total body weight or lean body mass) was 108% of the Czech standard assessed previously within the framework of the International Biological Programme. The total cholesterol was 5.35 +/- 1.04, HDL 1.11 +/- 0.19, total triacylglycerols 1.81 +/- 0.77 mmol/l. The ratio of total and HDL cholesterol was 4.9 +/- 1.1, the blood sugar level 5.04 +/- 0.66 mmol/l. More than 20% of the men had risk levels of serum lipids. A significant correlation was found in particular between blood lipids and the W/H ratio and the subscapular/triceps index.

The relationship of cardiorespiratory variables, blood lipids, amount and distribution of fat in middle aged men.

68 middle aged men (43.8 +/- 7.4 years) without apparent health problems were examined. Medical check up, individual and family history, physical performance test on a bicycle ergometer, blood lipid level (total, T-, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) and anthropometric measurements were executed. No serious health problems and complaints were assessed. Average values of body mass index (BMI = 26.7 +/- 3.4 kg/m2 and the percentage of depot fat (20.8 +/- 4.2%) were increased according to standard values. Waist/hip ratio was 0.9 +/- 0.1. Nearly a quarter of men was evaluated as obese. The results of work load test on a bicycle ergometer showed adequate results, however especially the diastolic blood pressure was increased in 11.5% of men at rest, and in an approximately same number of men there appeared the symptoms of cardiac ischemia after the work load. The prevalence of hypertension according to WHO criteria was 9.6%. TCH was 5.35 +/- 1.04, HDL 1.11 +/- 0.19, and triglycerides 1.81 +/- 0.77 mmol/l. Atherogenic index was 4.9 +/- 1.1. Glycemia was 5.04 +/- 0.66 mmol/l. In more than 20% of men there appeared risk values of blood lipids. -Indices evaluated from anthropometric measurements such as waist/hip ratio correlated significantly with blood lipids (positive correlation: total cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index) and/or the level of physical performance (negative correlation), which indicated the possibility to use them as simple markers of cardiovascular risk in larger population samples examined under field conditions.