Cuidados iniciais à saúde na perspectiva cultural: produção científica sobre o tema / Initial health care under cultural perspective: scientific production about this topic

Objetivo: analisar os estudos existentes e disponíveis sobre cuidados iniciais à saúde, na perspectivacultural. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura cujo delineamento é qualitativo e descritivo,realizada a busca em julho de 2014, nas Bases de dados e no Banco de teses da Coordenação deAperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior, sendo que após a aplicação dos critérios de seleçãorestaram 19 publicações. Resultados: o país com maior número de publicações é o Brasil, porém aspesquisas sobre a temática estão presentes nos cinco continentes, embora as produções ainda sejampouco expressivas. A análise das produções referente aos cuidados iniciais à saúde dentro de umaperspectiva cultural, dentre os cuidados elencados estão às terapias complementares. ConsideraçõesFinais: estes achados apontam para a importância do profissional de saúde atuar considerando ocontexto cultural que envolve as práticas de cuidados iniciais à saúde.

Objective: to analyze existing and available studies on early health care from a cultural perspective.Methods: integrative review whose delineation is qualitative and descriptive, carried out the searchin July 2014, in the Databases and in the Thesis Bank of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and after the application of the selection criteria, there were 19 publications.Results: the country with the largest number of publications is Brazil, but research on the subjectis present in five continents, although the productions are still not very expressive. The analysis ofthe productions related to the initial health care from a cultural perspective, among the listed careare complementary therapies. Final considerations: these findings point to the importance of thehealth professional to act considering the cultural context that involves the initial health carepractices.

Mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinomas secrete distinct O-acylated forms of sialomucins: a histochemical study of gastric, colorectal and breast adenocarcinomas.

AIMS: Mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinomas represent a distinct group of tumours defined by the presence of large amounts of extracellular mucins. By using histochemical methods, we analysed mucins secreted by mucinous versus non-mucinous adenocarcinomas and looked for differential secretion profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-four adenocarcinomas were studied (23 colorectal, 17 gastric, and 24 breast tumours). Thirty-two tumours were of the colloid type. The following methods were applied to paraffin tissue sections: (i) Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS); (ii) high iron diamine and Alcian blue (pH 2.5); (iii) periodic acid borohydride, potassium hydroxide, and PAS; (iv) periodic acid-thionine Schiff, potassium hydroxide, and PAS; and (v) periodic acid-borohydride and PAS. Most adenocarcinomas secreted acidic mucins, with sialomucins predominating over sulfomucins, except for non-mucinous adenocarcinomas of the breast which showed predominant neutral mucins. All mucinous adenocarcinomas contained C9-O-acyl sialic acid as mono, di(C8,C9)-, or tri(C7,C8,C9)-O-acyl forms. Acidic mucins secreted by the majority of non-colloid adenocarcinomas consisted of non-O-acylated sialomucins. CONCLUSIONS: C9-O-acylation of sialic acid is a characteristic feature of mucinous adenocarcinomas and can be readily detected by histochemical methods.

Sialomucins are characteristically O-acylated in poorly differentiated and colloid prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Mucinous glycoproteins are secreted by prostatic adenocarcinomas and might play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. Their histochemical properties on routine biopsy specimens have not been fully characterized. We present a histochemical study of mucin in 21 prostatic adenocarcinomas, with particular focus on the demonstration of different types of sialomucins. We applied the following histochemical techniques to routinely processed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections: Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff to reveal both acidic and neutral mucins; high iron diamine and Alcian blue (pH 2.5) to show sulfated and acidic nonsulfated mucosubstances simultaneously; periodic acid borohydride, potassium hydroxide, and periodic acid-Schiff to demonstrate O-acylated sialic acids; periodic acid thionine-Schiff, potassium hydroxide, and periodic acid-Schiff to differentiate pre-existing glycols from those revealed after saponification procedures; and periodic acid borohydride and periodic acid-Schiff to show C9-O-acylated sialic acid. These techniques are useful tools for demonstrating neutral and acidic (sialo- and sulfo-) mucins and di(C8,C9- or C7,C9-)-O-acylated, tri(C7,C8,C9-)-O-acylated and mono(C9)-O-acylated sialomucins. Most prostatic adenocarcinomas showed acidic mucins, with sialomucins predominating over sulfomucins. Well-differentiated and moderately differentiated noncolloid tumors had non-O-acylated sialomucins. Poorly differentiated tumors contained mono-O-acylated (C9) sialomucins, and colloid-type tumors secreted mono-, di-, and tri-O-acylated sialoglycoproteins. Acidic mucins, mainly sialomucins, constitute the major secretory component in prostatic adenocarcinomas, and our results show that the O-acylation of these sialoglycoproteins inversely correlates with tumor differentiation. Well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors are not O-acylated, whereas the poorly differentiated ones characteristically have O-acylated sialomucins in C9. Adenocarcinomas of the colloid type, thought to bear a poor prognosis, are the most heavily O-acylated.