[Clinical trial of safety and immunogenicity of new influenza vaccine Grifor in children].

AIM: Assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity after single intramuscular immunization of children with Grifor vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity of Grifor vaccine compared with Vaxigrip vaccine was evaluated during phase III clinical trial in the Institute of Influenza. Thirty-six children aged 12 - 17 years, divided on 2 groups, participated in single blind comparative prospective randomized trial. Seroconversion factor, seroconversion and seroprotection levels were evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition assay. RESULTS: Results of study of systemic and local reactogenicity in children during first 7 days after immunization with Grifor and Vaxigrip vaccine showed good tolerability, areactogenicity and safety of both vaccines. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis results as well as serum IgE level did not change after vaccination. After immunization with Grifor vaccine, seroconversion rate to influenza virus subtypes A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B was 70%, 50%, and 70% respectively, seroprotection rate--90%, 80%, and 85% respectively, and seroconversion factor--6.5, 2.7, and 4.0 respectively. CONCLUSION: This trial, which was performed in tightly controlled conditions, had demonstrated that Grifor vaccine is safe and highly immunogenic against influenza viruses A and B and satisfies criteria of both Federal Service for Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare and CHMP of EMA. Obtained results allow to recommend the Grifor vaccine for use in pediatric practice according to national immunization schedule.

[Determination of total aminothiols and neuroactive amino acids in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection].

This paper describes a simple and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of total homocysteine, total cysteine, total glutathione (GSH+GSSG), and neuroactive amino acids (Asp, Glu, Tau, GABA) using precolumn derivatization with ortho-phtaldialdehyde and fluorimetric detection at 360 and 470 nm for emission and excitation, respectively. Derivatization was performed with ortho-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol after alkylation of the free sulfhydryl groups with iodoacetic acid. For determination of total aminothiols, the disulfide bonds were reduced and protein-bound thiols were released by addition of dithiothreitol to the plasma sample. The advantage of this method is the simultaneous determination of both homocysteine/cysteine/glutathione and neuroactive amino acids in the sample. The plasma levels of studied compounds were determined in 14 healthy volunteers (20-45 years old) and 55 patients with chronic hepatitis C (20-49 years old) and the resulting numbers were in a good agreement the studies published earlier. The calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 5-100 microM in plasma (r2 = 0.985-0.996). The intraday and interday coefficients of variation were 3-6% and 4-7%, respectively. The recovery of the standards added to the plasma samples ranged from 94 to 102%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.2-0.5 ng per 10 microl injection volume (signal-to-noise ratio of 3).

[The epileptiform reactions of the human brain to prolonged exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation]. / Epileptiformnye reaktsii mozga cheloveka pri dlitel'nom vozdeistvii malykh doz ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

1125 inhabitants of Slavutich city where workers of the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station and their families live, have been electroencephalographically examined. The reasons for the medical check-up involved specific complaints of a headache, dizziness, nightmares, early waking up in the mornings and sometimes seizures. Disorders of the bioelectrical activity of paroxysmal nature were revealed in 286 cases (197 children of 3-17 years, 99 adults of 18-50 years). The epileptiform findings seem to be related to the ionising radiation. The latency for a high (single or repeated) dose may be short (or minimal), and for a long-term effect of small doses--3-6 years. The latency was more or less similar and depended on a number of biophysical factors for the majority of the examined inhabitants of Slavutich city: children as well as adults (including those who work at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station).

[Determination of anticonvulsive preparations in the blood serum of patients by high-performance liquid chromatography]. / Opredelenie protivosudorozhnykh preparatov v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh metodom vysokoéffektivnoi zhidkostnoi khromatografii.

A method for simultaneous measurement of hexamydine, phenobarbital, diphenin and carbamazepine concentrations in serum using high performance liquid chromatography is described. The procedure employs acetonitrile extraction of anticonvulsants and chromatography of the extract under the following conditions: a column containing lichrosorb RP-8 10 microns (250 x 4 mm), mobile phase consisting of 30 vol.% ethanol solution in 0.01 M KH2PO4 pH 5.3, flow rate 0.5 ml/min, column temperature 30 degrees C, injection volume 20 microliters, detector wavelength 220 nm. Hexenal is used as an internal standard. The concentration range is 5-50 mg/l for phenobarbital, diphenin and carbamazepine and 5-30 mg/l for hexamydine. The relative standard deviation varies between 0.018 and 0.057 for therapeutic and toxic concentrations.

[Effect of electrical stimulation in the kindling regimen on brain mediator systems in rats]. / Vliianie élektricheskikh stimuliatsii v rezhime raskachki na mediatornye sistemy golovnogo mozga krys.

In rats, daily electrical stimulation via corneal electrodes by the end of the 3rd week induced an epileptofirm syndrome similar to amygdaloid kindling. 30 days of the stimulation led to a decrease of dopamine, norepinephrine, taurine and glutamine in hippocampus; fall of the level of gomovanillic acid, norepinephrine, as well as increase of glutamic acid, glutamine, GABA and taurine in striatum; decrease of glutamine and increase of GABA and glycine in cerebellum. The decrease of the NA and DA concentrations in hippocampus and of NA in striatum is associated with exhaustion of respective transmitter systems in these brain structures due to enhancement of neuronal activity during electrical stimulation in the kindling regimen. The rise of glutamic acid, glutamine, GABA and taurine in striatum occurred as the result of increased activity of these systems. The fall of the gomovanillic acid in striatum (with normal level of DA) is due to the rise of inhibitory influence of the GABA-ergic system upon DA-ergic neurons. The increase of GABA concentration in cerebellum is the result of compensatory activity of GABA-ergic system.

[Fluorometric trihydroxyindolic method for determining catecholamines and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in urine]. / Fliuorimetricheskii trioksindolovyi metod opredeleniia katekholaminov i 3,4-dioksifenilalanina v moche.

Adrenalin, noradrenalin, 3,4-dioxyphenylalanine and dopamine were determined in a urine sample. Optimization of the method was reached as a result of 1) the elution procedure that combines the advantages of both the column and tube varieties; 2) standardization of the eluate and buffer concentrations, enabling necessary oxidation pH to be obtained rapidly; 3) ionic content of the buffers that intensify fluorescence of the substances under test; 4) conditions of preparing and stabilizing luteins; 5) concurret determination of noradrenalin and dopamine.

[Age and changes in the levels of biogenic amines in the brains of rats]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia urovnia biogennykh aminov v golovnom mozge krys

No significant change occurs in the total cerebral level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine in rats of 1--36 months age, whereas the serotonin (5-HT) level is increasing. During the maturation period the hypothalamic levels of catecholamines and histamine are increasing. Between 2--36 months of life the hypothalamic norepinephrine level decreases while 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and histamine do not change. Role of the age-related changes of brain biogenic amines in disturbances of neuroendocrine feedback mechanisms is discussed.

[Serotonin metabolism in children with different forms of oligophrenia]. / Osobennosti obmena serotonia pri raznykh formakh oligofrenii u detei

The authors examined the serotonin and 5-oxyindolacetic acid content in the blood plasma and diurnal urine excretion of 5 OIAA of 37 children from 7--12 years of age with sthenic and asthenic forms of mental retardation. It was possible to show an increase of the initial serotonin and 5-OIAA level in the blood plasma of patients with the asthenic variant. In a prolonged loading with reserpine there was a disturbance of the corresponding adaptive mechanisms. It is assumed that the serotoninergic brain structures may be involved in the pathogenesis and formation of the clinical forms of oligophrenia.

[Effect of DMBA and benz (alpha) anthracene on the biogenic amine level in the rat brain]. / Vliianie DMBA i benz(al'fa)antratsena na uroven' biogennykh aminov v golovnom mozge krys.

Thirty minutes after the administration of DMBA (5 mg i. v.) to rats the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonine (5-HT) and 5-IIIAA in the hypothalamus was decreased, while monoamines levels in the brain stem and hemispheres was unchanged. After benz(a) anthracene (5 mg i.v.) treatment the level of 5-HT in rat hypothalamus was decreased, but catecholamines and 5-HIAA levels were not changed. Pretreatment with L-DOPA abolished the elevation of the threshold of hypothalamic sensitivity to estrogen suppression, induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in rats, and alpha-methyl-DOPA enhanced. It is suggested that the central (hypothalamic) mechanisms participate in the release of the carcinogenic effect of polycylic hydrocarbons in rats.

[Effect of the enterotropic carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on the level of biogenic amines in the hypothalamus of rats]. / Vliianie énterotropnogo kantserogena 1,2-dimetilgidrazina na uroven' biogennykh aminov v gipotalamuse krys

The hypothalamic levels of noradrenaline (NA), dophamine (DA), serotonine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were found to be decreased in male rats 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) in a dose of 21 mg/kg. During 3 to 12 hrs after the SDMH treatment the hypothalamic level of NA was decreased, whereas the 5-HT turnover became greater. The hypothalamic histamine level increased 30 min after the SDMH injection only. In the brain stem and the great hemispheres the biogenic amine level displayed no significant changes under the effect of SDMH. The endocrine-metabolic changes due to the selected SDMH effect on the hypothalamic biogenic amine level are supposed to be of great significance in the realization of the carcinogenic action of SDMH in rats.