[System of therapy and prophylaxis of hard tooth tissues pathology in the group of pilots].

Survey of 77 males aged 22 to 55 including 43 pilots (main group), 24 non-flying employees (comparison group) and 10 essentially healthy men with sanitized oral cavity (control group) revealed caries in 100% members of groups 1 and 2. Prevalence of other than caries pathologies was higher in the group of pilots. Analysis of mixed unstimulated saliva showed calcium and phosphates reduction by half in 50% and 30% of pilots, respectively. Investigation of hair elemental composition displayed also deficiency of Ca and P in pilots. The authors recommend methods for dental rehabilitation as an indispensable part of medical care for flying personnel.

[Composite phytoadaptogens in oncology and gerontology].

The article describes results of research devoted to Phytomix-40, a mixture of plant adaptogens. It focuses on immunobiological criteria for its formulation, chemical composition and manufacture procedures, biological standartization tests, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, clinical trials in patients with non-malignant tumours (benign prostatic hyperplasia), precancer (oral leukoplakia), advanced cancer (malignant gastric cancer), and age-related neurodegenerative disease (parkinsonism). Prospects for the development of other plant preparations for non-toxic prevention and treatment of cancer and prolongation of life span of the affected subjects are discussed.

[Changes of gustatory perception in elderly patients with type II sugar diabetes. Surgical section].

In 73 elderly patients with type II sugar diabetes there were found changes of gustatory perception of sweet that were most pronounced on primary stage of the disease and that can be considered as manifestation of diabetic neuropathy of oral cavity organs and tissues.

[Inflammatory diseases of the parodontium in patiens with metabolic syndrome]. / Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniia parodonta u bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom.

Comprehensive stomatologic examination of 45 patients with chronic generalized parodontitis (CGP) was combined with parallel determination of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in blood. In 30 patients CGP developed on the background of metabolic syndrome (MS). Clinical and X-ray examination of periodontal tissues disclosed that CGP in patients with MS was characterized by active and aggressive course. A correlation between CGP severity degree and level of IRI in blood was established.

[Improving the efficiency of combined therapy of patients with leukoplakia of the buccal mucosa using Phytomix-40 combined plant preparation]. / Vozmozhnosti povysheniia éffektivnosti kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh leikoplakiei slizistoi obolochki polosti rta pri ispol'zovanii kompleksnogo rastitel'nogo preparata Fitomiks-40.

Today leukoplakia of the buccal mucosa is regarded as a typical pre-tumorous condition, both in medicine in general and in dentistry, in particular. Leukoplakia is in fact resistant to conservative treatment, and therefore search for new approaches to therapy of this disease is a pressing problem. Phytomix-40 (PM-40) is a mixture of natural extracts of 40 medicinal plants developed for practical oncology. PM was used in combined therapy of patients with leukoplakia with good results.

[Study of free-radical processes and antioxidant defense parameters during hirudotherapy of patients with diseases of salivary glands]. / Izuchenie pokazatelei svobodnoradikal'nykh protsessov i antioksidantnoi zashchity u lits s zabolevaniiami sliunnykh zhelez, poluchaiushchikh girudoterapiiu.

Hirudotherapy was used in the treatment of 39 patients (10 male and 29 female) aged 28-58 years with chronic sialadenitis and sialadenosis. Control group consisted of 15 normal subjects without diseases of salivary glands. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) parameters were under study. Hirudotherapy led to improvement of the clinical status in the majority of patients with sialadenosis; the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) normalized and ceruloplasmin (CP) level increased. The status of patients with sialadenitis also improved; catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels normalized and SOD and CP levels increased. The best therapeutic effect was attained in patients with sialadenitis. No appreciable improvement was observed in patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis in the presence of Sjogren's syndrome.

[Oral symptoms and immune status of patients with the Rossolimo-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. / Stomatologicheskie proiavleniia i immunnyi status bol'nykh sindromom Rossolimo-Melkersson-Rosenthal.

Clinical oral symptoms were studied in 210 patients with the Rossolimo-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (RMRS); the immune status was evaluated in 17 of these. Oral status was characterized by high prevalence and intensity of caries and presence of chronic generalized periodontitis. Immunological studies revealed changes characteristic of immunodeficiency: increased counts of suppressor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils, and dysimmunoglobulinemia; hence, RMRS was associated with secondary immunodeficiency.

[Leeching in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the salivary glands]. / Primenenie meditsinskikh piiavok pri lechenii khronicheskikh vospalitel'nykh i distroficheskikh zabolevanii sliunnykh zhelez.

Twenty patients with chronic inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the salivary glands (sialadenitis, sialadenosis) were examined and treated using hirudotherapy. Positive clinical shifts were observed in 50% patients; the most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in patients with sialadenosis. Hirudotherapy was ineffective in patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis paralleled by Sjogren's syndrome.

[Prevention of cancer of the buccal mucosa]. / Profilaktika raka slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Cancer of the buccal mucosa ranks fourth in the structure of cancers. Pretumor processes of the buccal mucosa are Bouin's disease, leukoplakia verrucosa, papillomatosis, erosive ulcerative and hyperkeratotic lupus erythematosus and lichen planus, and postradiation stomatitis. Two clinical cases of cancer of the tongue in young men aged 27 years are described. Preventive measures are treatment of pretumor processes in the buccal mucosa, absolute refusal from caustics and from dentures made of different materials, regular check-ups of patients, consultations at specialized oncological institutions with cytological and morphological studies, thorough sanitation of the oral cavity including therapy, surgery, and orthodontic treatment.

[The antifungal and immunomodulating lymphotropic therapy of candidiasis of the oral mucosa]. / Protivogribkovaia i immunomoduliruiushchaia limfotropnaia terapiia kandidoza slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Lymphotropic and endolymphatic therapy was carried out in 52 patients with candidiasis of the buccal mucosa. After preliminary injection of lidase, levorin was injected subcutaneously in the middle third of the shin to patients in a standing posture, after which a cuff with 45-50 mm Hg pressure was placed on the femur for 2-2.5 hours. Immunocorrector thymogen was injected in the submaxillary and chin lymph nodes. A course consisted of 5-6 sessions. The status of the buccal mucosa normalized after treatment. Contamination of the mucosa with yeast cells appreciably decreased, the content of substances with medium-molecular mass in the saliva reduced, and cellular and humoral immunity parameters normalized.

[The clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of the stomatological manifestations of Sjögren's disease]. / Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie stomatologicheskikh proiavlenii bolezni Shegrena.

Eighty-three patients with Sjogren's disease, 23 with chronic parotitis and periodontitis, 325 controls were examined by general clinical, dental, X-ray, microbiological, immunological, and morphological methods. A clinico-pathogenetic analysis of dental manifestations of Sjogren's disease was carried out: atrophy and inflammatory process in the buccal mucosa, multiple caries. A pathogenetically based program of therapeutic and prophylactic measures making use of encad, bensilol, bensilol+trimecain is suggested for patients with Sjogren's disease.

[Morphology of the minor salivary glands in Sjogren's disease]. / Morfologiia malykh sliunnykh zhelez pri bolezni Shegrena.

Histochemical, immunohistochemical and histomorphometrical changes in sialadenitis have been studied on 33 biopsies of labial salivary glands (LSG) from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. The control group consisted of 10 biopsies from persons without oral cavity inflammatory diseases. A direct relation was established between xerostomia stage and the degree of LSG parenchyma substitution for the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Dependence of LSG tissue damage on local immunopathologic reaction was detected. With a highly active inflammatory reaction the changes were characterized by cellular hypersensitivity including inflammatory cell infiltrate (T-lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils), increased vascular permeability, destructive and proliferative changes of the intralobular ductuli and acini. Reduction in inflammatory activity was accompanied by a decrease in the number of macrophages and neutrophils, an increase in the number of plasma cells and mast cells, higher compensatory hypertrophy of the serous cells of semicircular mixed acini, secretion products status, as well as intralobular sclerosis and lipomatosis.

[The use of the new bacterial biopreparation Acilact in the combined treatment of periodontitis]. / Primenenie novogo bakterial'nogo biopreparata "Atsilakt" v kompleksnom lechenii parodontita.

Acilact, a bacterial biopreparation representing a complex of live lyophilized acidophilic lactobacteria, was used in combined therapy of 45 patients with periodontitis of mild and medium severity. The drag was applied locally and per os. Clinical parameters improved after therapy; gram-positive cocci and bacilli predominated in local microflora; natural antibacterial resistance of the body improved. This method of therapy is new in principle and pathogenetically grounded. It results in correction of autoflora of the oral cavity and periodontal pouches, and, possibly, of the gastrointestinal tract. Acilact is well tolerated by the patients and induces no side effects, there are no contraindications against its administration.

[Age-related changes in the secretory function of the salivary glands]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia sekretornoi funktsii sliunnykh zhelez.

A total of 326 healthy subjects aged 21 to 80 were examined. Total sialometry without stimulation and that stimulated with supermint chewing gum was carried out. Mixed salivary secretion in health was found to make up approximately 3.4 ml in 10 min. Salivary secretion stimulation with the chewing gum enhanced this secretion 1.5-3 times. Salivary secretion was found to decrease with age. The maximal secretion levels were found in both men and women aged 21 to 30, being higher in men. Normal values of mixed salivary secretion of men and women can be estimated according to the following formulae: for men it is equal to [-0.09(X-25) +5.71] ml, for women to [-0.06(X-25) +4.22] ml, where X is the subject's age in years.

[The clinical and cytological characteristics of the oral mucosa in Sjögren's disease and chronic parotitis]. / Klinicheskaia i tsitologicheskaia kharakteristika slizistoi obolochki polosti rta pri bolezni Shegrena i khronicheskom parotite.

Clinical stomatologic and cytologic studies were carried out in 31 patients with Sjogren's disease, 12 ones with chronic parotitis, and 5 normal subjects. Patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis, develop clinically manifest signs of dry exfoliative cheilitis, xerostomia, atrophic changes in the buccal mucosa; this condition is associated with a very high caries intensity and no clinical manifestations of periodontitis or tartar. Elevated leukocyte levels in oral washings and oral fluid of patients with Sjogren's disease and chronic parotitis point to inflammations in the salivary glands, buccal mucosa, and periodontal tissues. Assessment of the leukocyte levels may be used for monitoring the disease course and treatment efficacy. A 3-5-fold enlargement of the deep-layer epitheliocytes, seen on the cytogram of oral washings, is characteristic of patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis or normal subjects. A differentiated estimation of the epitheliocyte types in the cytogram of oral washings may be used in the diagnosis of Sjogren's disease along with the criteria suggested before.

[Clinical and x-ray characteristics of the periodontium in Sjögren's disease]. / Klinicheskaia i rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika parodonta pri bolezni Shegrena.

Clinical and X-ray examination of parodont was performed in 35 patients with Sjögren disease and 35 control patients. Osteal parodont X-ray examination was performed using the techniques of panorama and orthopantomography. As a result of clinical and X-ray investigation, the patients showed a lesser degree of the diffuse osseal parodont resorbtion as compared to controls that was evidenced by a lack of clinical manifestations of the parodont inflammation. This is possibly due to the absence, in a majority of the patients, of the mineralized dental concrements. The focal inflammatory disorders were connected to local trauma factors.