Design and validation of a questionnaire for the evaluation of educational experiences in the metaverse in Spanish students (METAEDU).

The aim of this study is to design and validate an instrument that allows the evaluation of educational experiences and formative assessment in the metaverse from a holistic perspective. Hence, a research design based on the development of a scale has been used. Three hundred and sixty-two Spanish secondary school students participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling. The instrument created has been subjected to an analysis of content validity, validity by expert judgment, construct validity, and reliability. For data analysis, the SPSS and AMOS programs have been used. An exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis have been performed to determine the construct validity. In addition, the Cronbach's alpha has been calculated to verify the internal consistency of the tool. The results reveal several findings that position the resulting questionnaire as a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate educational experiences and practices in the metaverse. In short, this study has led to the development of a comprehensive evaluation tool at the service of educators or any institution interested in implementing its educational praxis within the metaverse, a field of research that has yet to be explored.

Eficacia contrastada de la Realidad Aumentada en el aprendizaje de la reanimación cardiopulmonar / Compared effectiveness of Augmented Reality in learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Introducción: La incidencia de la tecnología en la educación ha propiciado el desarrollo de nuevos recursos innovadores para afrontar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, por lo que la Realidad Aumentada se muestra como una de las tecnologías con mayor proyección, tanto en el sector educativo, en general, como en la educación médica, en particular. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de eficacia de una metodología sustentada en Realidad Aumentada frente a una tradicional en el aprendizaje de la reanimación cardiopulmonar, en dos grupos de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: El estudio comenzó en el curso 2017-2018. Se estableció un diseño experimental con grupo control, de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, en una muestra de 58 discentes de un centro universitario de España. Se desplegó un programa formativo en dos grupos con metodologías diferentes -Realidad Aumentada frente a tradicional-. Se empleó un cuestionario -derivado de la Escala de Autoeficacia general en reanimación cardiopulmonar- validado por el método Delphi y de pertinente fiabilidad (α = 0,86) para recoger los datos. Resultados: La metodología innovadora con Realidad Aumentada aplicada en el grupo experimental obtuvo mejores resultados en la motivación, la participación, la interacción con los contenidos, el rol activo de los participantes y mayores resultados de aprendizaje sobre el grupo que siguió una metodología tradicional sin empleo de la tecnología educativa. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos demostraron la eficacia de la Realidad Aumentada en el aprendizaje de las pautas de reanimación cardiopulmonar en discentes universitarios. Por tanto, se recomienda el uso de esta tecnología educativa para alcanzar la efectividad en el aprendizaje de este tipo de contenidos relacionados con la educación sanitaria(AU)

Introduction: The impact of technology on education has led to the development of new innovative resources to cope with the teaching and learning processes, a reason why augmented reality is shown as one of the technologies with the greatest projection, both in the educational sector, in general, as well as in medical education, in particular. Objective: To identify the level of effectiveness of a methodology based on augmented reality compared to a traditional one in learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in two groups of university students. Methods: The study began in the academic year 2017-2018. An experimental design of descriptive and correlational type and with a control group was established in a sample of 58 students from a university center in Spain. A training program was implemented in two groups with different methodologies: augmented reality versus a traditional one. A questionnaire, derived from the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, validated using the Delphi method with relevant reliability α=0.86, was used to collect the data. Results: The innovative methodology with augmented reality applied in the experimental group showed better results regarding motivation, participation, interaction with the contents, and the active role of the participants; as well as higher learning results over the group that followed a traditional methodology without using any educational technologies. Conclusions: The findings showed the effectiveness of augmented reality in learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines among university students. Therefore, the use of this educational technology is recommended to achieve effectiveness in learning this type of content related to health education(AU)

Percepciones docentes sobre el blended learning en las cooperativas de enseñanza del sur de España / Teachers' perceptions of blended learning in teaching cooperatives in southern Spain / Percepções dos professores sobre o ensino misto em cooperativas de ensino no sul da Espanha

Resumen Introducción: las nuevas metodologías emergentes y su aplicación educativa se han convertido en una realidad dentro de los espacios de aprendizaje, siendo el b-learning una de las metodologías más recurrentes durante la última década. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo radica en conocer el grado de empleo de la metodología b-learning en los docentes de las cooperativas de enseñanza. Materiales y métodos: la investigación se ha llevado a cabo a través de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, utilizándose un cuestionario de corte ad hoc de cinco dimensiones. Resultados: los resultados muestran un incremento progresivo de la incorporación de la innovación dentro de las aulas y un ímpetu formativo por parte de los docentes en materia tecnológica. Conclusiones: los docentes perciben el blended learning cada vez de manera más positiva, a pesar de disponer de escasos recursos digitales y de encontrar dificultades en propiciar un rol activo del discente. Asimismo, se ha constatado la existencia de niveles intermedios de confianza hacia la tecnología, especialmente entre el profesorado de mayor edad.

Abstract Introduction: new emerging methodologies and their educational application have become a reality within learning spaces, with b-learning being one of the most recurrent methodologies during the last decade. Objective: the objective of this work is to know the degree of use of the b-learning methodology in the teachers of the teaching cooperatives. Materials and methods: the research was carried out through a descriptive and correlational study, using a five-dimensional ad hoc cut-off questionnaire. Results: the results show a progressive increase in the incorporation of innovation within the classrooms and a formative impetus on the part of the teachers in technological matters. Conclusions: teachers perceive blended learning more and more positively, in spite of having scarce digital resources and finding difficulties in propitiating an active role of the student. Likewise, it has been verified the existence of intermediate levels of confidence in technology, especially among older teachers.

Resumo Introdução: novas metodologias emergentes e sua aplicação educacional tornaram-se uma realidade dentro dos espaços de aprendizagem, sendo o b-learning uma das metodologias mais recorrentes na última década. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o grau de utilização da metodologia b-learning nos professores das cooperativas de ensino. Materiais e métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um estudo descritivo e correlacional, utilizando um questionário de corte ad hoc em cinco dimensões. Resultados. os resultados mostram um aumento progressivo na incorporação de inovação dentro das salas de aula e um impulso formativo por parte dos professores em questões tecnológicas. Conclusões: os professores percebem o blended learning de maneira cada vez mais positiva, apesar de ter recursos digitais escassos e encontrar dificuldades em propiciar um papel ativo do aluno. Da mesma forma, verificou-se a existência de níveis intermediários de confiança em tecnologia, especialmente entre os professores mais velhos.

Scientific Mapping of Gamification in Web of Science.

Education is a constantly changing field. The new teaching processes are developed today and all teachers should be prepared. Gamification is one of the methodologies with the greatest impact on the learning process. The objective of the study is to analyze the relevance and progression that the concepts "gamification" and "learning" have acquired in the scientific literature of Web of Science. This research has been based on a bibliometric methodology. A classic bibliometric and thematic analyses have been carried out. A 1230 document matrix analysis has been selected. For descriptive bibliometrics, the Bibliometrix library is used, while Scimat is used for the thematic analysis. Both tools are widely used in this type of study. Results indicate that growth on the study of these topics is booming. There are also authors who accumulate most of the documents, such as Martí Parreño. English is positioned as the predominant language. The topics studied have evolved from how classic games affect learning to the study of video games and their impact on performance. It is concluded that these types of studies are still relevant and with a great future prospect. Furthermore, research focuses especially on video games, on the effects of technology on learning and on the study of flipped learning experiences.

Academic Effects of the Use of Flipped Learning in Physical Education.

The technological characteristics of today's society have favored the inclusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and the emergence of new training methodologies in educational spaces. This study addresses flipped learning as an innovative approach in the teaching and learning processes of physical education at two educational stages, primary and secondary education. The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of flipped learning with respect to traditional methodology. A descriptive and correlational experimental research design was used through a quantitative perspective. Two study groups were established, one control (traditional methodology) and one experimental (flipped learning) in each educational stage. A total of 119 students from an educational center in Ceuta (Spain) participated. These participants were chosen intentionally. The data were collected through a questionnaire. The results show that the experimental group obtained better evaluations in the academic indicators, highlighting the motivation, autonomy, and interactions between the different agents. Regarding the effectiveness of flipped learning according to the educational stage, its potential was demonstrated in both stages, highlighting a significant improvement in autonomy in secondary education.