Original and REGICOR Framingham functions in a nondiabetic population of a Spanish health care center: a validation study.

PURPOSE: Risk functions can help general practitioners identify patients at high cardiovascular risk, but overprediction inevitably leads to a disproportionate number of patients being targeted for treatment. To assess predicted cardiovascular risk, we analyzed the 10-year performance of the original and REGICOR Framingham coronary risk functions in nondiabetic patients. METHODS: Ours was a longitudinal, observational study of a retrospective cohort of patients observed for 10 years in primary care practices in Badajoz, Spain. Our cohort comprised 447 nondiabetic patients aged 35 to 74 years who had no evidence of cardiovascular disease and were not on lipid-lowering or antihypertensive therapy. We assessed the patients' 10-year coronary risk measurement from the time of their recruitment. We also estimated the percentage of patients who were candidates for antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: The actual incidence rate of coronary events was 6.7%. The original Framingham equation overpredicted risk by 73%, whereas the REGICOR Framingham function underpredicted risk by 64%. The Brier scores were 0.06364 and 0.06093 (P = .365) for the original Framingham and REGICOR Framingham functions, respectively, and the remaining discrimination and calibration parameters were also highly similar for both functions. The original Framingham function classified 14.8% of the population as high risk and the REGICOR Framingham function classified 6.9%. The proportions of patients who, according to the original Framingham and REGICOR functions, would be candidates for lipid-lowering therapy were 14.3% and 6.7%, and for antihypertensive therapy they were 12.5% and 7.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The original Framingham equation overestimated coronary risk whereas the REGICOR Framingham function underestimated it. The original Framingham function selected a greater percentage of candidates for antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy.

[Prevalence of hidden renal failure calculated through formulas on the degree of renal function in hypertense patients over 60 referred to out-patients for blood pressure monitoring]. / Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal oculta estimada mediante fórmulas de cálculo del grado de función renal en hipertensos mayores de 60 años, remitidos para medición ambulatoria de la presión arterial.

OBJECTIVES: To validate the Cockroft-Gault and the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulas in a hypertense population aged over 60 and with blood pressure monitored in out-patients. To evaluate the prevalence of various stages of hidden chronic kidney disease in this population. DESIGN: Descriptive study of validation of diagnostic tests. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 113 patients over 60 (53.8% female) with hypertension and no history of chronic kidney disease, on whom blood pressure could be monitored in a 24-hour session. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Calculation of the glomerular filtration rate. Validity parameters of diagnostic tests. RESULTS: Renal clearance estimated in the Cockroft-Gault and MDRD equations was similar (77.9 mL/min and 76.9 mL/min, respectively). There was 37.3% prevalence of chronic kidney disease, using the Cockroft-Gault equation; and 27.0%, using the MDRD. The degree of agreement between the two equations was excellent in classifying patients with stage-2 chronic kidney disease (kappa index =0.9) and it was acceptable for stage-3 (kappa index =0.5). In both equations, validity indexes were acceptable for the presence of microalbuminuria as a manifestation of renal damage. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of hidden chronic kidney disease in the hypertense population over 60 years old. Glomerular filtration should be determined systematically in these patients, even when their plasma creatinine figures are normal.

Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal oculta estimada mediante fórmulas de cálculo del grado de función renal en hipertensos mayores de 60 años, remitidos para medición ambulatoria de la presión arterial / Prevalence of hidden renal failure calculated through formulas on the degree of renal function in hypertense patients over 60 referred to out-patients for blood pressure monitoring

Objetivos. Validar las fórmulas de Cockcroft-Gault y la abreviada del estudio Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) en la población hipertensa mayor de 60 años en la que se realiza medición ambulatoria de la presión arterial, y conocer la prevalencia de diferentes estadios de enfermedad renal crónica oculta en ese grupo de población. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, de validación de pruebas diagnósticas. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Centro de salud urbano. Participantes. Un total de 113 pacientes mayores de 60 años (el 53,8% mujeres), hipertensos, sin historia de enfermedad renal crónica conocida y a quienes se les realizó una sesión de medición ambulatoria de presión arterial durante 24 h. Mediciones principales. Estimación del grado de filtración glomerular. Parámetros de validez de pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados. El aclaramiento renal estimado por las fórmulas de Cockroft-Gault y MDRD fue similar (77,9 y 76,9 ml/min, respectivamente). Se encontró una prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica del 37,3% en la ecuación de Cockroft-Gault y del 27,0% en la de MDRD. El índice de concordancia de ambas ecuaciones fue excelente en la catalogación de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 2 (kappa = 0,9) y aceptable (kappa = 0,5) para el estadio 3. Los índices de validez de las 2 ecuaciones son discretos frente a la presencia de microalbuminuria como manifestación de daño renal. Conclusiones. Hay una alta prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica oculta en la población hipertensa mayor de 60 años. La estimación del filtrado glomerular debería realizarse sistemáticamente en esta población, aunque sus cifras de creatinina plasmática sean normales

Objectives. To validate the Cockroft-Gault and the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulas in a hypertense population aged over 60 and with blood pressure monitored in out-patients. To evaluate the prevalence of various stages of hidden chronic kidney disease in this population. Design. Descriptive study of validation of diagnostic tests. Setting. Urban primary care centre. Participants. A total of 113 patients over 60 (53.8% female) with hypertension and no history of chronic kidney disease, on whom blood pressure could be monitored in a 24-hour session. Main measurements. Calculation of the glomerular filtration rate. Validity parameters of diagnostic tests. Results. Renal clearance estimated in the Cockroft-Gault and MDRD equations was similar (77.9 mL/min and 76.9 mL/min, respectively). There was 37.3% prevalence of chronic kidney disease, using the Cockroft-Gault equation; and 27.0%, using the MDRD. The degree of agreement between the two equations was excellent in classifying patients with stage-2 chronic kidney disease (kappa index =0.9) and it was acceptable for stage-3 (kappa index =0.5). In both equations, validity indexes were acceptable for the presence of microalbuminuria as a manifestation of renal damage. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of hidden chronic kidney disease in the hypertense population over 60 years old. Glomerular filtration should be determined systematically in these patients, even when their plasma creatinine figures are normal