Natural Drug-Loaded Bimetal-Substituted Hydroxyapatite-Polymeric Composite for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Repair.

Repairing segmental bone deformities after resection of dangerous bone tumors is a long-standing clinical issue. The study's main objective is to synthesize a natural bioactive compound-loaded bimetal-substituted hydroxyapatite (BM-HA)-based composite for bone regeneration. The bimetal (copper and cadmium)-substituted HAs were prepared by the sol-gel method and reinforced with biocompatible polyacrylamide (BM-HA/PAA). Umbelliferone (UMB) drug was added to the BM-HA/PAA composite to enhance anticancer activity further. The composite's formation was confirmed by various physicochemical investigations, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, and HR-TEM techniques. The bioactivity was assessed by immersing the sample in simulated body fluid for 1, 3, and 7 days. The zeta potential values of BM-HA/PAA and BM-HA/PAA/UMB are -36.4 mV and -49.4 mV, respectively. The in vitro viability of the prepared composites was examined in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It shows the ability of the composite to produce osteogenic bone regeneration without any adverse effects. From the gene expression and PCR results, the final UMB-loaded composite induced osteogenic markers, such as Runx, OCN, and VEFG. The prepared bimetal substituted polyacrylamide reinforced HA composite loaded with UMB drug has the ability for bone repair/regenerations.

Enhanced bone tissue regeneration via bioactive electrospun fibrous composite coated titanium orthopedic implant.

One of the very reliable, attractive, and cheapest techniques for synthesizing nanofibers for biomedical applications is electrospinning. Here, we have created a novel nanofibrous composite coated Ti plate to mimic an Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) of native bone in order to enhance the bone tissue regeneration. An electrospun fibrous composite was obtained by the combination of minerals (Zn, Mg, Si) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract. Fibrous composite's functionality, phase characteristics, and morphology were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. The average fiber diameter of MHAP/PVA had decreased from ~274 to ~255 nm after incorporating PEG polymer. That further increased from ~255 to ~275 nm after adding CQ extract. Besides the bioactivity in SBF solution, the degradable nature was confirmed by immersing the fibrous composite in Tris-HCL solution. The degradable studies evaluate that the composite was degraded depending on time, and it degrades about 9.42% after 7 days of immersion. Osteoblasts like MG-63 cells differentiation, proliferation, and calcium deposition were also determined. These results show that this new fibrous composite exhibits advanced osteoblasts properties. Thus, we concluded that this new fibrous scaffold coated Ti implant could act as a better implant to mimic ECM of bone structure and to improve osteogenesis during bone regeneration.

Fabrication of substituted hydroxyapatite-starch-clay bio-composite coated titanium implant for new bone formation.

The clay/polymeric matrices have much attention from researchers in bio-medical applications due to their numerous uses. This study introduces new orthopedic titanium (Ti) implant with increasing bio-activity by treating the surface of the Ti implant with bio-compatible composite coating. Wollastonite (WST) clay combined minerals (Mg2+and Gd3+) substituted hydroxyapatite (HAP)/Starch composite was prepared using in-situ co-precipitation method. It was successfully coated on the orthopedic grade Ti plate by the Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) method. The functionality, phase, morphology, and bio-activity analysis of the composite were evaluated by FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, and SEM analysis, respectively. The mechanical property, i.e., Vickers microhardness value of the MHAP/Starch/WST composite coated Ti plate, showed 242 ± 1.92 Hv. The in-vitro MG-63 osteoblast cells viability, differentiation, and Ca mineralization of MHAP/Starch/WST composite suggests that this new implant will be used for bone regeneration application after careful evaluation of in-vivo and clinical studies.

Lanthanides-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/Aloe vera Composite Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Tissue Regeneration.

PURPOSE: To develop the surface-treated metal implant with highly encouraged positive properties, including high anti-corrosiveness, bio-activeness and bio-compatibleness for orthopedic applications. METHODS: In this work, the surface of commercially pure titanium (Ti) metal was treated with bio-compatible polydopamine (PD) by merely immersing the Ti plate in PD solution. The composite of trivalent lanthanide minerals (La3+, Ce3+ and Gd3+)-substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP) with Aloe vera (AV) gel was prepared and coated on the PD-Ti plate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The choice of trivalent lanthanide ions is based on their bio-compatible nature and bone-seeking properties. The formation of the PD layer, composites, and composite coatings on Ti plate and PD-Ti surface was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM observations. In-vitro assessments such as osteoblasts like MG-63 cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability of the MHAP/AV composite were tested, and the composite-coated plate was implanted into a rat bone defect model for in-vivo bone regeneration studies. RESULTS: The coating ability of the MHAP/AV composite was highly preferred to PD-treated Ti plate than an untreated Ti plate due to the metal absorption ability of PD. This was confirmed by SEM analysis. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies show the better osteogenic ability of MHAP/AV composite at 14th day and 4th week of an experimental period, respectively. CONCLUSION: The osteoblast ability of the fabricated device without producing any adverse effect in the rat model recommends that the fabricated device would serve as a better platform on the hard tissue regeneration for load-bearing applications of orthopedics.

In-vivo assessment of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite / poly sorbitol sebacate glutamate (PSSG) composite coating on titanium metal implant for orthopedic implantation.

Currently, bio-mimetic material synthetic processes are involved in bone implant design which is closely related to natural bone. In this work, Zinc, Cerium and Selenium substituted hydroxyapatite/ Poly (sorbitol sebacate glutamate) (Zn, Ce, Se-HAP/PSSG, M-HAP/PSSG) composite was prepared by sol-gel method as a bio-mimetic materials for bone implantation. The physiochemical characterizations of M-HAP/PSSG was analyzed by Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Then, the prepared M-HAP/PSSG composite was compared with HAP/PSSG, Zn-HAP/PSSG, Ce-HAP/PSSG and Se-HAP/PSSG composites in order to evaluate the influence of single minerals on HAP matrix. Then the coating ability of the final better M-HAP/PSSG composite on surface treated titanium (Ti) was investigated to evaluate the perfection of implant material. The higher micro-hardness was observed on M-HAP/PSSG composite coated Ti (305.92 ±â€¯20.42) due to the presence of multi-minerals as well as the co-polymer PSSG when compared with M-HAP coated Ti plate (273.0 ±â€¯15.75). The bio-compatibility and osteogenic activity evaluation of all prepared composite on human osteoblasts MG-63 cells shows that the better cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation was observed by M-HAP/PSSG bio-composites when compared with other composites. Histological staining and X-ray photographs of in-vivo rat model confirms that the formation of new tibial bone when the defected rat was treated with M-HAP/PSSG composite coated Ti implant. In conclusion, the bio-composite M-HAP/PSSG is better scaffold for coating on the surface of Ti implant for orthopedic implantation.