Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the mandibular alveolus: A rare case report with differential diagnosis.

ABSTRACT: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinct, high-grade variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with a poor prognosis. In the head and neck region, the most common sites are the epiglottis, piriform sinus, and tongue base. Other less common sites include the floor of the mouth, oral mucosa, palate, tonsils, nasopharynx, and trachea. In the present report, the unusual case of a 69-year-old male is presented; the patient exhibited ulceroproliferative growth involving the lower alveolus. Incisional biopsy was done and the hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed tumor islands with dysplastic oral epithelial cells invading the underlying connective tissue as islands, cords, and nests. The presence of palisading basaloid cells with a central area of comedo necrosis and keratin formation on the islands revealed the diagnosis of BSCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and pan-cytokeratin. The patient is still under treatment and follow-up.

Anterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty: Our Experience.

CONTEXT: Anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP) is accepted as one of the techniques for the repair of vestibular fistula (VF) and low-type anomalies, but some may have reservations. AIMS: The aim of the study is to describe the technique, important features, and functional and cosmetic outcomes of ASARP for the treatment of anorectal malformation (ARM) in females. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective study was performed from 1992 to 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 157 pediatric patients (aged 1-15 years) with diagnosis of ARMs with VF, perineal fistula (perineal ectopic anus), and rectovaginal fistula managed by ASARP. RESULTS: Most cases (36.94%) were 1-6 months' age group; 92.99% of patients (146) were having VF, 5.09% (8) perineal fistula, and 1.91% (3) rectovaginal fistula. Associated anomalies (37) were present in 19.75% (31) of patients. Primary ASARP was performed in 85.35% (134) of cases. The mean operative time was 105 (±15) min. Intraoperative complications were seen in 3.82% (6) of patients. Early postoperative complications were seen in 5.09% (8) of patients - wound infection (4), wound dehiscence (3), and retraction of the rectum (1). Late complications were seen in 12.73% (20) of cases. Overall, five patients developed anal stenosis, two responded to dilatation therapy, and three required anoplasty. The external appearance of the perineum after the 3rd month (postoperatively) was satisfactory in 95.54% (150); overall, 4.46% (7) of patients required the second procedure. Stooling pattern could be assessed in 80.25% (126) of patients at 3 years' age group. Only one had poor outcome with severe soiling (incontinence) and perineal excoriation that also had myelomeningocele. CONCLUSIONS: ASARP is an excellent procedure for VF as it results in optimal correction with minimal sphincteric damage, without additional complexity or difficulties. Primary ASARP is a quick and effective technique and does not require colostomy if performed after due preoperative gut preparation and by an experienced pediatric surgeon.

Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Report of Five Cases and Review of Literature.

Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is an uncommon anatomical abnormality where both the gonads migrate toward the same hemiscrotum. Embryologically, several theories regarding the origin of TTE have been suggested including adhesion and fusion of developing Wolffian canals, aberrant gubernaculum, testicular adhesions, defective formation of the internal inguinal ring, and traction on the testis by persistent Mullerian structures. To date, about 100 cases of TTE have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report five cases of TTE operated in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, over a period of 5 years. All cases were in the age group of 3 months to 4 years, out of which four were diagnosed preoperatively by clinical examination and ultrasonography (USG). Two of these four cases presented with inguinoscrotal swellings and contralateral undescended testes and other two presented with absence of testes in the scrotum. One case presented with a scrotal abscess which revealed both the testes in the abscess cavity. All five cases were operated upon with herniotomy and transseptal orchidopexy and discharged successfully. TTE, although rare, has a spectrum of presentations and should be kept in mind as a possibility in cases of inguinoscrotal disorders in young age group. A preoperative USG may be helpful in conformation of diagnosis.

Traumatic Rupture of Jejunal Burkitt's Lymphoma with Intestinal Transection.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.[1] BL of the small intestine, presenting as a surgical emergency needing emergency laparotomy, is an uncommon presentation of this tumor. We present a case of BL presenting as perforation peritonitis after blunt trauma abdomen.

Penile Cutaneous Horn in a 22-month-old Child: A Rare Case Report.

Cutaneous horn is a horn-like hyperkeratotic lesion. Its presence over penis is unusual and rare. Herein, we report a case of horn of penis in a 22-month-old child.

Fetus in fetu: report of two cases.

Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare and interesting entity characterized byincorporation of a malformed, monozygotic, diamnionic parasitic twin into the body of other normal twin partner. FIF is differentiated from teratoma by its embryological origin, its unusual location in the retroperitoneal space and the presence of vertebral column (axis) often with appropriate arrangement of other organs or limbs around this axis. We report two cases of FIF. Our first case presented at 18 months, while second at 9 year of age. FIF derived their blood supply directly from aorta in both the cases.Our FIF had distinct fetoid features, well developed axial skeleton with a complete spinal column, trunk, intestinal loops, four limbs, well developed fingers and toes, male external genitalia and abundant scalp hairs. Their weightwas 600 grams and 800 grams, respectively. Postoperative period was smooth and on long-term follow up no evidence of recurrence was seen in both the patients.

Salvage splenopexy for torsion of wandering spleen in a child.

The wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of one or all of the splenic suspensory ligaments that resulting in increased splenic mobility and rarely torsion. Preventing infarction is the aim of a prompt surgery by splenopexy. We report a case of salvage splenopexy in torsion of a wandering spleen in a three year old girl presented with severe abdominal pain for three days.

Quantification of uncertainties in conventional plan evaluation methods in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: In Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) dose distributions tend to be more complex and heterogeneous because of the modulated fluences in each beamlet of every single beam. These dose-volume (DV) parameters derived from the dose volume histogram (DVH) are physical quantities, thought to correlate with the biological response of the tissues. The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty of physical dose metrics to predict clinical outcomes of radiotherapy. METHODS: The radiobiological estimates such as tumor control probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were made for a cohort of 40 cancer patients (10 brain;19 head & neck;11 cervix) using the DV parameters. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation of physical plan quality indicators with radiobiological estimates. RESULTS: The correlation between conformity index (CI) and TCP was found to be good and the dosimetric parameters for optic nerves, optic chiasm, brain stem, normal brain and parotids correlated well with the NTCP estimates. A follow up study (median duration 18 months) was also performed. There was no grade 3 or 4 normal tissue complications observed. Local tumor control was found to be higher in brain (90%) and pelvic cases (95%), whereas a decline of 70% was noted with head & neck cancer cases. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent uniform dose (EUD) concept of radiobiological model used in the software determines TCP and NTCP values which can predict outcomes precisely using DV data in the voxel level. The uncertainty of using physical dose metrics for plan evaluation is quantified with the statistical analysis. Radiobiological evaluation is helpful in ranking the rival treatment plans also.

Accelerated partial breast irradiation using external beam radiotherapy-A feasibility study based on dosimetric analysis.

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of using External Beam radiotherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation by a comparative tumour and normal tissue dose volume analysis with that of high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy. BACKGROUND: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) is more clinically appealing because of the reduced treatment course duration and the irradiated area. Brachytherapy application is more dependent on the clinician's expertise when it is practised free hand without image guidance and a template. It happens to be an invasive procedure with the use of local anaesthesia which adds patient discomfort apart from its cost compared to External Beam Radiotherapy. But APBI with brachytherapy is more commonly practised procedure compared to EBRT owing to its previous reults. Hence in this research study, we intend to explore the use of EBRT with the radiobiological corrections for APBI in the place of brachytherapy. It is done as a dosimetric comparison of Brachytherapy treatment plans with that of EBRT plans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The computed tomography images of 15 patients undergoing ISBT planning were simulated with conformal photon fields. Various dose volume parameters of each structure were obtained from the DVH generated in the brachytherapy and the simulated external beam planning which can correlate well with the late toxicity. The plan quality indices such as conformity index and homogeneity index for the target volume were computed from the dosimetric factors. The statistical p values for CI, HI and normal tissue dosimetric parameters were calculated and the confidence levels achievable were analysed. The dose prescribed in brachytherapy was 3400cGy in ten fractions. The equivalent prescription dose for the external beam radiotherapy planning was 3000cGy in five fractions applied with radiobiological correction. RESULTS: All the fifteen patients were with complete lung data and six were with left sided tumours having complete cardiac data. The lung dosimetry data and the cardiac dosimetry data of the patients were studied. Lower percentages of lung and cardiac V 20 and V 5 volumes were obtained with conformal planning. The conformity of radiation dose to the tumour volume was akin to the interstitial brachytherapy planning. Moreover the external beam planning resulted in more homogenous dose distribution. For the sampled population, the statistical analysis showed a confidence level of 95% for using EBRT as an alternate to multi catheter ISBT. CONCLUSION: The EBRT planning for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation was found to be technically feasible in the institution where the interstitial brachytherapy happens to be the only available technique as evident from the dose volume parameters and the statistical analysis.

Primary hydatid cyst of neck muscles.

Primary hydatid disease of muscle is very rare. This was encountered in the muscles of posterior triangle of the neck in a 12-year-old boy. Hydatid Cyst of neck was excised and was followed by albendazole for six weeks. Rarity of this disease in muscles warrants the need for this case report.