Juvenile ossifying fibroma of maxilla: Concurrent presentation of psammomatoid and trabecular variant.

Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (JOF) is a type of ossifying fibroma which occurs in younger individuals and manifests as trabecular and psammomatoid variants. The nature and behaviour of these variants vary, and they exhibit characteristic histopathological appearance. The solitary presentation of these subtypes is reported in numbers, but co-occurrence of both these entities is very few. Here, we present a case of JOF with the co-occurrence of both trabecular and psammomatoid variants in relation to an incompletely healed extraction socket.

Primary Angiosarcoma of Humerus - A Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Osseous angiosarcoma is a very rare tumor of bone with aggressive behavior, propensity for recurrences, and distant metastasis. The etiology of osseous angiosarcoma is uncertain; however, specific risk factors have been recognized. The diagnosis of angiosarcoma of bone demands multimodality imaging in conjunction with histopathological and vascular marker evaluation to aptly differentiate them from other vascular tumors. Treatment of osseous angiosarcoma remains controversial. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old male presented with pain and swelling of the right upper 1/3rd of the arm following heaviness while lifting weight for 3 months. He had a history of significant weight loss and appetite with no history of inciting trauma or irradiation in the past. On examination, a diffuse swelling was noted in the right shoulder and right scapular aspect with varied consistency and ill-defined borders and margins. The skin over the swelling was stretched and shiny with dilated engorged veins over it. The plain radiograph of the right shoulder with humerus revealed a large expansile lytic soft-tissue mass in the right proximal humerus with a wide zone of transition without sclerotic margins. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T1 hypointense, T2/PDFS hyperintense large well-defined expansile lytic lesion with multi-loculated cysts, and multiple blood-fluid levels involving right proximal humerus. The patient underwent an incisional biopsy which exhibited angiosarcoma of the humerus. The patient was treated with six cycles of chemotherapy with a mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine regimen. The patient was still under follow-up. CONCLUSION: Being a rare clinical entity, controversy exists in angiosarcoma of humerus regarding its etiology and recommended management protocols. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry remain the gold standard in differentiating osseous angiosarcoma from other osseous vascular tumors. The treatment protocol has to be standardized to decrease morbidity and to improve the functional quality of life of the patient.

Tooth eruption clock: A novel learning aid.

Chronology of tooth eruption is the most preliminary and crucial topic which is covered in the undergraduate syllabus of the dental curriculum. Eruption of permanent and primary teeth follows a particular time sequence. Both maxillary and mandibular arch has similar number of teeth, beginning from central incisors to molars. The pattern of eruption differs slightly between maxillary and mandibular arch. Remembering the years or months in a numerical manner is the usual way by which a student learns the eruption chronology. Eruption clock is a specially designed learning aid, which makes this teaching-learning process a lot easier, effective and practical.

Estimation and comparison of serum cotinine level among individuals with smoking and tobacco chewing habit.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed to estimate and compare tobacco exposure in smokers and chewers. The levels of cotinine, one of the constituents of tobacco were considered as indicative of tobacco exposure. Serum Cotinine levels in individuals with the habit of smoking and tobacco chewing were estimated and compared. Base line values of cotinine levels in normal subjects were established. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups comprised about 30 individuals with the habit of smoking (Group A); these 30 individuals with the habit of tobacco chewing (Group B), and 20 individuals who were never exposed to any form of tobacco as control group (Group C). Serum cotinine levels were estimated using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both test and control groups and the difference in the levels were compared. RESULTS: : In individuals with the habit of smoking, cotinine levels ranged between 11 ng/ml and 215 ng/ml with a mean concentration of 87.56. In tobacco chewers, the levels ranged between 11 ng/ml and 128 ng/ml with a mean concentration of 73.66. In control group, the levels ranged between 0.34 ng/ml to 2.5 ng/ml with a mean concentration of 0.93. Cotinine levels between smokers and tobacco chewers were compared and there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Difference in serum cotinine levels between smokers and tobacco chewers is not significant. The fact that cotinine level is influenced by age of the individual, frequency and duration of the habit seems to be irrelevant from the results obtained from this study. Prospective studies considering all the factors and variables, with a preferable larger sample size can probably eradicate the chaos on the reliability of cotinine as a predictive biomarker for the amount of tobacco exposure.

A Case Report on Stomatitis Venenata Due to the Use of Lip Balm.

INTRODUCTION: Allergic reactions can manifest in various forms ranging from mild, almost unnoticeable reactions to life threatening anaphylaxis. Stomatitis venenata or contact stomatitis is described as a contact allergy of the oral mucosa which can occur due to repeated contact with the causative agent. Dental and cosmetic products, dental materials and dental therapeutic agents are the common allergens of the oral cavity. These allergies show varied clinical presentations, from swelling, pain, burning sensations to vesiculation, ulcerations, crusting and sloughing. Contact stomatitis due to cosmetic products have been on a rise recently due to the ease of availability and increase in their usage among individuals. AIM: The aim of this article is to present a case reports on an allergic reaction in a 17-year-old female triggered by the use of cosmetics. CASE REPORT: In the present article, we report a case of stomatitis venenata due to lip balm in a 17-year-old female for its rarity. CONCLUSION: Stomatitis venenata is a rare allergic condition that causes significant morbidity in an affected individual. Prompt recognition and elimination of the causative allergen followed by an appropriate therapy would help in complete resolution of this condition.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the tongue: A case report and an overview of histogenetic concepts.

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, is an aggressive and highly infiltrating epithelial neoplasm, which has a distinct histomorphological features comprising simultaneous areas of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Some researchers consider it as a controversial neoplasm, as it may arise from the ducts of the minor salivary gland or from the overlying surface epithelium. In the head-and-neck region, commonly affected sites include paranasal sinuses, larynx and oral cavity. Areas of occurrence in the oral cavity include palate, tonsillar pillar areas, tongue and floor of the mouth. The prognosis of the neoplasm is considered poor due to its early recurrence, local and distant metastasis and low survival rate. This article reports a case of ASC affecting the posterior part of the tongue in a 50-year-old male patient and an overview of its histogenetic concepts.

Mantle of forensics in child sexual abuse.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined as inappropriate adolescent or adult sexual behavior or contact with a child. Sexual abuse may be committed by any person including those under the age of 18 years when that person is either significantly older than the victim or is in a position of power or control over the child. Detecting CSA requires a high incidence of suspicion and familiarity with physical, behavioral, and verbal indications of abuse. Shame and guilt often may have discussion difficult. Studies have shown that approximately 60% of abused children have injuries to head, face, and mouth. Some of the oral and dental features that may be commonly noted in CSA are bruised lips, lacerated mucosa, nonexplainable missing teeth, tongue or frenal injuries, bone fractures in maxillofacial complex, and tooth trauma. It is important to us as dentists to remain vigilant as children depend on adults for protection. Hence, this review will culminate the investigations required by us not only as dentists but also as socially responsible adults.