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1.
Chem Biol Interact ; 242: 281-9, 2015 Dec 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26485141

RESUMO

Chronic exposure to arsenic over a period of time induces toxicity, primarily in liver but gradually in all systems of the body. Andrographolide (AG), a major diterpene lactone of Andrographis paniculata, shows a wide array of physiological functions including hepatoprotection. Therapeutic applications of AG are however seriously constrained because of its insolubility, poor bioavailability, and short plasma half-life. Nanoparticulation of AG is a possible solution to these problems. In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of polylactide co-glycolide (PLGA) nanocapsulated andrographolide (NA) against arsenic induced liver damage in mice. NA of average diameter 65.8 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 64% were prepared. Sodium arsenite at a dose of 40 mg/L supplied via drinking water in mice significantly raised the serum level of liver function markers such as AST, ALT, and ALP, and caused arsenic deposition in liver and ROS generation, though it did not show any lethality up to 30 days of exposure. However, even liver toxicity was not observed when mice were given AG and NA orally at doses up to 100 mg/kg bwt and 20 mg/kg bwt respectively on alternate days for one month. Treatment of non-toxic doses of AG or NA on alternate days along with arsenic significantly decreased the arsenic induced elevation of the serum level of ALT, AST and ALP, and arsenic deposition in liver. AG and NA increased the level of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Also, the ROS level was lowered in mice exposed to arsenic but treated with AG or NA. Protective efficiency of NA is about five times more than that of AG. Administration of NA to arsenic-treated mice caused signs of improvement in liver tissue architecture. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that NA could be beneficial against arsenic-induced liver toxicity.


Assuntos
Arsênio/toxicidade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Nanocápsulas/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Química Farmacêutica , Diterpenos/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/química , Camundongos , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico
2.
Langmuir ; 30(44): 13430-7, 2014 Nov 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25333268

RESUMO

Effects of counterions of side chain amino acid based polyelectrolytes (PEs) on the solubility in aqueous medium, pH responsiveness, thermal properties, and ionic conductivities have been appraised. Deprotection of the tert-butyl carbamate (Boc) group from poly(Boc-l-leucine methacryloyloxyethyl ester) [P(Boc-l-Leu-HEMA)] was carried out to produce PE with trifluoroacetate as an associative counteranion (1a). PEs with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and hexafluorophosphate counteranion were prepared through anion exchange reactions of 1a. Protonation of the neutralized polymer (2) obtained from 1a, followed by anion exchange, leads to the production of miscellaneous PEs bearing different counteranions, such as tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, chloride, and nitrate. Differential scanning calorimetry traces of the PEs reveal that the comparatively larger and weakly coordinated counteranions require less thermal energy to dissociate, and thus, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PEs fall off with an increase in the size of the counteranion. A remarkable conductivity of 2.1 mS/cm was obtained in deionized water when Cl(-) acted as the counteranion. Steric and electronic factors of the counteranion induce a change of transition pH in different PEs, although the chiroptical nature was retained, as confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy.

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