Ecological Requirements for Abundance and Dispersion of Brazilian Yellow Fever Vectors in Tropical Areas.

In the Americas, wild yellow fever (WYF) is an infectious disease that is highly lethal for some non-human primate species and non-vaccinated people. Specifically, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys mosquitoes act as the major vectors. Despite transmission risk being related to vector densities, little is known about how landscape structure affects vector abundance and movement. To fill these gaps, we used vector abundance data and a model-selection approach to assess how landscape structure affects vector abundance, aiming to identify connecting elements for virus dispersion in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Our findings show that Hg. leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys abundances, in highly degraded and fragmented landscapes, are mainly affected by increases in forest cover at scales of 2.0 and 2.5 km, respectively. Fragmented landscapes provide ecological corridors for vector dispersion, which, along with high vector abundance, promotes the creation of risk areas for WYF virus spread, especially along the border with Minas Gerais state, the upper edges of the Serra do Mar, in the Serra da Cantareira, and in areas of the metropolitan regions of São Paulo and Campinas.

Self-adhesive resin cement versus conventional cements on the failure rate of indirect single-tooth restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cementation is one of the most critical steps that influence the failure rates of indirect restorations. Self-adhesive resin cements arose out of the need for technical simplification of this procedure to reduce the risk of operative errors, with good acceptance by clinicians. How the failure rate of indirect single-tooth restorations cemented with self-adhesive resin cements compares with the failure rate of those cemented conventionally is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was to compare self-adhesive resin cements versus conventional cements on the failure rates of indirect restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO - CRD42020215577). The search strategy was adapted for 5 databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS) and 1 nonpeer-reviewed literature source (clinicaltrials.gov). The strategy was guided by the problem/population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question: adults indicated for indirect restorations -P, self-adhesive resin cement -I, conventional cement-C, failure rates-O. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB2) tool and guidelines. Meta-analysis merged the results from included studies by pooling the hazard ratios and standard errors, available or estimated. The certainty of evidence was assessed by using the classification of recommendations, evaluation, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS: Nine randomized clinical trials were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Eight studies detected nonsignificant differences in failure rates between cements. Only 1 study reported a significantly higher failure rate on single-tooth ceramic crowns luted with self-adhesive resin cement. Nonsignificant differences were detected after the results from all studies had been pooled. CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical evidence, self-adhesive resin cements can be recommended for the cementation of indirect single-tooth restorations with a similar risk of failure to conventional cements.

A saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia do COVID-19: Revisão de literatura / La salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería frente a la pandemia del COVID-19: Revisión de la literatura / The mental health of nursing professionals against the COVID-19 pandemic: Literature review

Objetivo:analisar a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia do COVID-19. Método:trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizadaem 2021,através da questão norteadora: "Qual o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem?". Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados bases de dados como LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO e BDENF, com auxilio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), obedecendo alguns critérios de inclusão para a seleção dos estudos, sendoas buscas realizadas entre os meses de maio a agosto de 2021, com intervalo de revisão de 2019 a 2021. Resultado:elaborou-se uma matriz de síntese dos artigos selecionados, para análise dos dados.Conclusão: destaca-se que esses profissionais estão mais suceptivéis a desenvolverem transtornos mentais, visto que a todo tempo lidam com situações causadoras de um alto nível de estresse e ansiedade, além da necessidade de tomada de decisão de maneira rápida(AU)

Objective: to analyze the mental health of nursing professionals in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is an integrative review, carried out in 2021, through the guiding question: "What is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of nursing professionals?". For data collection, databases such as LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO and BDENF were used, with the help of the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS), following some inclusion criteria for the selection of studies, and the searches were carried out between the months from May to August 2021, with a review interval from 2019 to 2021. Result: a synthesis matrix of selected articles was prepared for data analysis. Conclusion: it is noteworthy that these professionals are more susceptible to developing mental disorders, as they constantly deal with situations that cause a high level of stress and anxiety, in addition to the need for quick decision-making.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: tratar- a partir de una revisión integradora, realizada en 2021, a través de la pregunta orientadora: "Cuál es el impacto de la pandemia del Covid-19 en la salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería?". Para la recolección de datos se utilizan bases de datos como LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO y BDENF, con ayuda de los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), obedeciendo a unos criterios de inclusión para la selección de estudios, realizándose las búsquedas entre los meses de mayo a agosto de 2021, con un intervalo de revisión de 2019 a 2021. Resultado: se elaboró ​​una matriz resumen de los artículos seleccionados para el análisis de datos que estos profesionales son más propensos a desarrollar trastornos mentales, ya que se ocupan de situaciones que provocan un alto nivel de estrés y ansiedad, además de la necesidad de una rápida toma de decisiones.(AU)

Barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde por residentes de comunidades rurais: Revisão integrativa / Barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud por parte de los residentes de comunidades rurales: Revisión integrativa / Barriers in access to health services by residents of rural communities: Integrative review

Objetivo: compreender as barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde por residentes de comunidades rurais. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no período de agosto a novembro de 2021, nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e ScienceDirect. Resultados: A busca nas bases de dados resultou em um total de 44 artigos selecionados. Aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foi elencado para análise, o total de 21 artigos os quais foram lidos na íntegra. Destes, 3 foram excluídos, pois não contemplaram o objeto abordado e 18 artigos foram selecionados para integrar este estudo. Conclusão: Foi possível compreender a estrutura de acesso aos serviços de saúde primários pela população residente de comunidades rurais, identificando as barreiras e dificuldades enfrentadas, permite prover e pensar em estratégias que minimizem os impactos sobre a saúde desta população(AU)

Objective: to understand the barriers in accessing health services by residents of rural communities. Method: This is an integrative literature review, carried out from August to November 2021, in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and ScienceDirect databases. Results: The search in the databases resulted in a total of 44 selected articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 21 articles were listed for analysis, which were read in full. Of these, 3 were excluded, as they did not contemplate the object addressed and 18 articles were selected to integrate this study. Conclusion: It was possible to understand the structure of access to primary health services by the population residing in rural communities, identifying the barriers and difficulties faced, allowing to provide and think of strategies that minimize the impacts on the health of this population(AU)

Objetivo: comprender las barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud por parte de los habitantes de las comunidades rurales. Método: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada de agosto a noviembre de 2021, en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y ScienceDirect. Resultados: La búsqueda en las bases de datos arrojó un total de 44 artículos seleccionados. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se listaron para su análisis un total de 21 artículos, los cuales fueron leídos en su totalidad. De estos, 3 fueron excluidos, por no contemplar el objeto abordado y 18 artículos fueron seleccionados para integrar este estudio. Conclusión: Fue posible comprender la estructura de acceso a los servicios primarios de salud por parte de la población residente en las comunidades rurales, identificando las barreras y dificultades enfrentadas, permitiendo brindar y pensar estrategias que minimicen los impactos en la salud de esta población(AU)

Thirty-six-month clinical evaluation of posterior high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite restorations in a high caries incidence population: interim results of a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the clinical performance of two bulk-fill (BF) and one conventional resin composite in a population with a high caries incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 138 class I and II restorations were performed and randomly divided into three groups (n = 46) with equal allocation: Filtek BF (FBF; 3M ESPE), Tetric EvoCeram BF (TBF; Ivoclar Vivadent), and control Filtek Z250 (Z250; 3M ESPE). The evaluations were performed using the USPHS and FDI criteria at baseline and after 12 and 36 months by a previously calibrated evaluator. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests for paired data were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The DMFT index at baseline was 9.44, with 87% from the decayed component. After 36 months, 108 restorations (n = 36) were evaluated. Two failures were observed for TBF at marginal adaptation and recurrence of caries, resulting in a survival rate of 94.44% and an annual failure rate (AFR) of 1.26%. No equivalence was observed between the criteria for surface roughness, marginal adaptation, and discoloration. CONCLUSIONS: The 36-month clinical performance of high-viscosity BF resin composites was comparable to conventional incremental-filled resin composites. The FDI criteria better presented the restorations' clinical success. However, in the case of failure, both criteria provided the same result. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites showed excellent performance after 36 months in a high caries incidence population. It can be considered a simplified alternative restoration method that reduces operating time and minimizes possible operator errors.

Moving to healthier landscapes: Forest restoration decreases the abundance of Hantavirus reservoir rodents in tropical forests.

Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS) is a disease with high human lethality rates, whose transmission risk is directly related to the abundance of reservoir rodents. In the Brazilian Atlantic forest, the main reservoirs species, Oligoryzomys nigripes and Necromys lasiurus, are thought to increase in abundance with deforestation. Therefore, forest restoration may contribute to decrease HCPS transmission risk, a topic still unexplored, especially in tropical regions. Aiming at filling this research gap, we quantified the potential of forest restoration, as required by the current environmental legislation, to reduce the abundance of Hantavirus reservoir rodents in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Using a dataset on small mammal communities sampled at 104 sites, we modeled how the abundance of these two rodent species change with the percentage of forest cover and forest edge density. From the best model, we extrapolated rodent abundance to the entire Atlantic Forest, considering two scenarios: current and restored forest cover. Comparing the estimated abundance between these two scenarios, we show that forest restoration can reduce the abundance of O. nigripes up to 89.29% in 43.43% of Atlantic forest territory. For N. lasiurus, abundance decreased up to 46% in 44% of the Atlantic forest. To our knowledge, this is the first study linking forest restoration and zoonotic diseases. Our results indicate that forest restoration would decrease the chance of HCPS transmission in ~45% of the Atlantic forest, making the landscape healthier to ~2,8 million people living within this area. This positive effect of restoration on disease regulation should be considered as an additional argument to encourage and promote forest restoration in tropical areas around the world.

Novel bioelectrochemical strategies for domesticating the electron flow in constructed wetlands.

Constructed wetlands are an effective biofilter-based technology for treating wastewater in a sustainable way; however, their main disadvantage is a large area footprint. To cope with this limitation a new generation of constructed wetlands, the METlands®, have been recently reported. METlands® replace gravel with a granular electrically conductive material to enhance the oxidative metabolisms of electroactive bacteria by facilitating the flux of electron through the material and, consequently, increase bioremediation rates. In this work we evaluated the performance of a new electron sink (e-sink) device with the purpose of controlling and enhancing the electrochemical consumption of electrons from microbial metabolism without energy consumption. The e-sink device was integrated inside the biofilter bed and was tested using different electron acceptors with high redox potentials, like oxygen and hypochlorite. Interestingly, the presence of the e-sink allowed novel redox gradients to form inside the METland® and, consequently, a new electron flow was demonstrated by measuring both the electric potential and current density profiles of the bed. Three independent biofilters were constructed and operated under flooded conditions. Ec-coke and electroconductive biochar (ec-biochar) were used as electrically conductive bed materials, while gravel was used as an inert control. Furthermore, e-sink integration inside the electrically conductive bed outperformed METlands® for removing pollutants, already much more efficient than standard gravel biofilters. COD removal was increased from 90% in METland® to 95% in the e-sink METland® as compared to 75% for the control, while total nitrogen removal was enhanced from 64% in METland® to 71% in e-sink METland® as compared to 55% for the control. Our results indicate that increasing the electrochemical availability of electron acceptors by using the e-sink will be a suitable method for controlling the electron flow inside the filter bed and can be integrated in full scale METlands® for achieving high removal rates.

Landscape, Environmental and Social Predictors of Hantavirus Risk in São Paulo, Brazil.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a disease caused by Hantavirus, which are negative-sense RNA viruses in the family Bunyaviridae that are highly virulent to humans. Numerous factors modify risk of Hantavirus transmission and consequent HPS risk. Human-driven landscape change can foster transmission risk by increasing numbers of habitat generalist rodent species that serve as the principal reservoir host. Climate can also affect rodent population dynamics and Hantavirus survival, and a number of social factors can influence probability of HPS transmission to humans. Evaluating contributions of these factors to HPS risk may enable predictions of future outbreaks, and is critical to development of effective public health strategies. Here we rely on a Bayesian model to quantify associations between annual HPS incidence across the state of São Paulo, Brazil (1993-2012) and climate variables (annual precipitation, annual mean temperature), landscape structure metrics (proportion of native habitat cover, number of forest fragments, proportion of area planted with sugarcane), and social factors (number of men older than 14 years and Human Development Index). We built separate models for the main two biomes of the state (cerrado and Atlantic forest). In both biomes Hantavirus risk increased with proportion of land cultivated for sugarcane and HDI, but proportion of forest cover, annual mean temperature, and population at risk also showed positive relationships in the Atlantic forest. Our analysis provides the first evidence that social, landscape, and climate factors are associated with HPS incidence in the Neotropics. Our risk map can be used to support the adoption of preventive measures and optimize the allocation of resources to avoid disease propagation, especially in municipalities that show medium to high HPS risk (> 5% of risk), and aimed at sugarcane workers, minimizing the risk of future HPS outbreaks.