Differential diagnosis and radiological work-up in bilateral lateral atlantoaxial offset.

Bilateral override of the atlas on the axis is generally attributed to a traumatic disruption of the atlas ring. Few other conditions have been described previously in association with this finding. The morphologic features to be considered and the differential diagnosis are discussed, stressing the diagnostic value of the lateral view, and of both conventional and computed tomography.

[Clinical findings and roentgenological diagnosis of the anomalies in the craniocervial region (author's transl)]. / Klinik und Röntgendiagnostik der Fehlbildungen des craniocervikalen Uberganges.

Osseous anomalies of the craniocervical junction may induce grave neurological disturbances and even lead to sudden death in exceptional cases. Therefore a correct diagnosis with painstaking demonstration of the extent of all anomalies must be established. This can be achieved exclusively by roentgenological studies. Clinical symptoms can only provide a lead to the underlying disease. In the present paper, the special problems of the radiology of craniocervical malformations are discussed and illustrated with own observations, which include specimen radiography.

[Handskeleton studies with mammography technique in patients under antiepileptic medication (author's transl)]. / Handskelettaufnahmen in Mammographietechnik bei Patienten unter antiepileptischer Medikation

An investigation with 114 epileptic patients under continuous treatment with anticonvulsiva was conducted in order to determine to what extent studies of the handskeleton with low-KV-technique will contribute to diagnosing osteopathy. The roentgenological findings of the hand were correlated with the x-ray findings of the remainder of the skeleton and with the results of biochemical studies. A control biopsy was performed in 8 cases. Definite and with all methods recognizable signs of osteomalacia were present in 7% of the cases, although only 2 patients developed a pathologic fracture. Another 32 patients (28%) showed suspicious changes in the handskeleton, which could not be confirmed by the comparative studies. No patient with normal findings of the handskeleton showed suspicious changes in the remainder of the skeleton or clinical and chemical indications of osteomalacia.

[Congenital skull changes in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. / Die angeborenen Veränderungen am Schädelskelett bei der Neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen

Congenital skull changes in neurofibromatosis are uncommon. Maybe for this reason, they are often misinterpreted, consequently resulting in expensive examinations and unnecessary treatments. However, if correctly evaluated, the corresponding radiological findings represent characteristic and pathognomonic signs of the disease. Three cases of neurofibromatosis are reported, the symptoms presented in detail and the pertinent differential diagnosis discussed.

[Orbital changes in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. / Orbitaveränderungen bei der Neurofibromatose

A case of orbital dysplasia due to v. Recklinghausen's disease is reported. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and roentgenographic findings of this disease are presented and the differential diagnosis is discussed. The congenital anomalies of the orbital bones are characteristic and allow to establish the correct diagnosis.

[Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone in adults (author's transl)]. / Das eosinophile Knochengranulom bei Erwachsenen

Eosinophilic granuloma of the bone shows a characteristic age distribution with an incidence of 75% in children. According to our observations, however, its occurrence in adults is not as rare as one should expect from the number of cases reported in the literature. The clinical and radiologic diagnosis can be established in many cases if the possibility of an eosinophilic granuloma is considered and certain criteria are taken in consideration. Solitary osteolytic changes should be biopsied early in order to avoid unnecessary and expensive examinations. The X-ray signs which can lead to the diagnosis are discussed and illustrated, and 7 cases of eosinophilic granuloma in adults are presented.

[The intraosseus ganglion (author's transl)]. / Das intraossäre Ganglion

The intraosseous ganglion is a not very well-known cystic benign bone lesion, which has to be included in the differential diagnosis of benign bone tumors. The ganglion's pathogenesis is still uncertain. Radiologically it presents all signs of a benign epiphyseal cystic tumor and can be easily differentiated from malignant changes. The characteristic X-ray signs, together with the typical location, and especially when situated in the distal medial epiphysis of the tibia, will allow a preoperative diagnosis.