Quality of Life of Menopausal Women in Majhifeda VDC, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal.

Background Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity. This is established fact that the quality of life of menopausal women deteriorates as the effect of menopausal symptoms. Objective To assess the physical domain, psychological domain, vasomotor domain for quality of life and its association with selected socio-demographic variables of menopausal women. Method Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the menopausal women aged 45-60 years whose menstruation has ceased for a complete one year naturally excluding those having thyroid disorders and mentally disable. Structured questionnaire was used adopting Nepali version of Modified Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. Data collection was accomplished during August - September 2016. Data entered in MS excel were analysis using SPSS version 21. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied for the data analysis. Result Among vasomotor domain hot flushes or flashes (81.9%), sweating (76.7%) and night sweats (73.3%); among psychosocial domain accomplishing less than I used to (94.8%), experiencing poor memory (80.2%), being impatient with other people (76.7%), feeling depressed down or blue (71.6%), feeling anxious or nervous (55.2%), feeling of wanting to be alone (55.2%) and being dissatisfied with my personal life (37.1%). Among physical domain aching in muscles and joints (94.8%), decrease in physical strength (94.8%), low backache (88.8%), feeling tired or worn out (84.0%), difficulty sleeping (81.0%), aches in back of neck or head (76.7%) were the major symptoms. Among sexual domain vaginal dryness during sexual intercourse (60.3%), avoiding intimacy (52.6%) and change in sexual desire (55.2%) were the major symptoms. Overall observation is that vasomotor symptoms were highest followed by sexual, psychosocial and physical symptoms having statistically significant association between vasomotor symptoms and ethnicity (p=0.019) and sexual symptoms and marital status (p=0.010). Conclusion Majority of the study subjects were from the marginalized groups of people. Vasomotor symptoms had highest prevalence followed by sexual, psychological and physical symptoms. As significant associations were observed between vasomotor symptoms and ethnicity and sexual symptoms and marital status, awareness and periodical checkups were recommended.

Assessment of the knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS among drivers' wives.

BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted and well-documented that long distance drivers remain one of the key forces in the spread of HIV/AIDS as they are highly mobile and spending long hours on the road away from their families which makes them very likely to use the services of commercial sex workers (CSWs). OBJECTIVES: To identify the knowledge and attitude among Drivers' wives on HIV/AIDS. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September 2010 to assess the knowledge and attitude of drivers' wives on HIV/AIDS in Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panuti Municipalities, Kavre district central Nepal. Using social network sampling technique 248 drivers' wives were selected. Data were obtained using the structured and semi-structured questionnaire through interview technique. Verbal consent was taken before collecting data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. RESULTS: Ninety six percent of the respondents heard of HIV/ AIDS. Majority (65.7%) of the sources of the information were television followed by radio (56.5%), friends (33.5%), husband (19.4%), newspapers (17.7%) and posters (17.3%). The educational status and economic status of the respondents show significant association. The parameters regarding attitude revealed statistical significant. CONCLUSION: The age and ethnicity of the respondents did not exhibit the association with awareness on HIV/ AIDS whereas, educational status and economic status of the respondents and the parameters regarding attitude revealed statistical show significant association.

Distribution of malignant neoplasms reported at different pathology centers and hospitals in Jaipur, Rajasthan.

BACKGROUND: Cancer data from Rajasthan are limited. Only two studies, one from Western Rajasthan, and the other from Eastern Rajasthan have been published by Sharma et al. in 1992 and 1996. AIMS: To put the cancer profile from this region in proper perspective, we conducted the present study on the patterns of various malignancies in Jaipur region, i.e., Eastern Rajasthan. SETTING AND DESIGN AND MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study spans over one and half decade (1990-2004) and is based on a retrospective six-year sample analysis of approximately 200,000 histopathological and cytological reports for the years 1990, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2004. RESULTS: A total of 21,868 cancers were recorded in the six sample years. There were 59.11% (12,926) males and 40.89% (8942) females, with the male to female ratio being 1.45:1. Organ wise, lung (8.45%), prostate (7.12%), brain (6.04%), urinary bladder (5.31%), esophagus (4.67%) and tongue (4.60%) are most common sites involved in males with regard to frequency, whereas breast (20.44%), cervix (14.99%), ovary (4.35%), brain (3.80%), esophagus (3.67%), uterus (3.01%) and rectum (2.80%) are common sites for malignancies in females. CONCLUSIONS: Significant findings were a higher frequency of cancers of the prostate, urinary bladder, and brain in males along with gall bladder cancers in females. Our figures have been compared with the national data.