RESUMO
Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated uteri cervix carcinoma continues to be the 2nd highest cause of death among women in India. This study aims to identify the mode of HPV transmission in different communities such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian and Banjaran women of Bihar, India. Different patterns of life and cultural variations exist among Muslims, Hindus, Christians, and Banjarans. For example, Muslim wash their genital parts after urination and maintain genital hygiene, whereas Banjaran tribes, Christians, and Hindu communities do not maintain hygiene. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection among healthy women. We access to genuine reason for the cause of HPV transmission in women. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from MCS and RC Patna, India. A total 154 urine samples have been used for the detection of HR-HPV through a real-time PCR technique. The DNA extraction was done from collected non-invasive urine samples. The estimation and purification of DNA purity was performed by QuantiFluor® dsDNA system and detected HPV-16 and HPV-18. Results: Overall, the prevalence of HR-HPV infection was detected to be 12.34% (19/154) whereas HPV-16 was found to be 9.9% (14/154) and HPV-18 was found to be 3.25% (5/154) in women. The lowest (2%; 1/50) prevalence of HR-HPV was observed in the Muslim community, while higher (25%, 16%, and 14.71%) prevalence was found in the Banjaran, Christian, and Hindu communities, respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicates that personal hygiene possibly reduces HPV infection in women and the evidence suggests that male circumcision has a protective role of HPV infection in Muslim community. Therefore, personal hygiene and circumcision may reduce the risk of HPV acquisition and transmission as well as cervical cancer development in women.
RESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the results of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for early detection of genital tuberculosis (GTB) using menstrual blood (MB) and endometrial tissue (ET) as samples in females presenting as infertility. METHODS: The ET and MB samples were collected from a total of 194 females, enrolled in this study. DNA isolation from samples was done using standard, phenol-chloroform method. Heat shock protein gene (hsp65/groEL2) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was targeted and amplified, and the final products were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 126 (65%) cases of infertility were positive for M. tuberculosis complex by nested PCR. The detection rates in the two samples were statistically insignificant. The combined positivity rate of ET and MB, when compared with positivity rate in MB showed a positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 100%, 68.7%, and 84%, respectively. The results of nested PCR using MB as sample alone showed good agreement with the nested PCR results of the combined samples. CONCLUSIONS: The hsp65 Nested PCR of MB can be used as a noninvasive screening test for early diagnosis of GTB.
RESUMO
The role of toddy (palm wine) as an independent risk factor for amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is not clear. In a cross-sectional study, the clinico-demographic profiles of inpatients with ALA were examined. Microscopy examination of toddy (n = 43) samples was performed. A total of 198 patients with ALA were enrolled, most of whom were: admitted during the May-August months (48%); chronic alcoholic (85% [70% toddy]); malnourished (85%); and of low socioeconomic status (88%). Clinical and laboratory parameters were comparable between toddy and distilled alcohol drinkers. None of the toddy samples revealed presence of cysts and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica.
