The Content Validity of a Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Patient-Reported Outcome Measure.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To test the content validity of a 16-item version of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (QLQ-CIPN20). 
. RESEARCH APPROACH: Cross-sectional, prospective, qualitative design. 
. SETTING: Six outpatient oncology clinics within the University of Michigan Health System's comprehensive cancer center in Ann Arbor. 
. PARTICIPANTS: 25 adults with multiple myeloma or breast, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, or head and neck malignancies experiencing peripheral neuropathy caused by neurotoxic chemotherapy. 
. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: Cognitive interviewing methodology was used to evaluate the content validity of a 16-item version of the QLQ-CIPN20 instrument.
. FINDINGS: Minor changes were made to three questions to enhance readability. Twelve questions were revised to define unfamiliar terminology, clarify the location of neuropathy, and emphasize important aspects. One question was deleted because of clinical and conceptual redundancy with other items, as well as concerns regarding generalizability and social desirability. 
. INTERPRETATION: Cognitive interviewing methodology revealed inconsistencies between patients' understanding and researchers' intent, along with points that required clarification to avoid misunderstanding. 
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Patients' interpretations of the instrument's items were inconsistent with the intended meanings of the questions. One item was dropped and others were revised, resulting in greater consistency in how patients, clinicians, and researchers interpreted the items' meanings and improving the instrument's content validity. Following additional revision and psychometric testing, the QLQ-CIPN20 could evolve into a gold-standard CIPN patient-reported outcome measure.

Repressive coping style: relationships with depression, pain, and pain coping strategies in lung cancer outpatients.

Researchers have shown that coping style is related to pain and adjustment in people with chronic illness. This study was the first to examine how coping style related to pain, pain coping strategies, and depression in lung cancer outpatients. We conducted a comparative, secondary data analysis of 107 lung cancer patients (73% male, mean age 61.4±10.43 years, 88% Caucasian). As in prior studies, we classified patients into four coping style groups based on Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and trait anxiety scores. The coping style groups were low-anxious (n=25); high-anxious (n=31); defensive high-anxious (n=21); and repressive (n=30). Compared to other coping style groups, the repressive group reported statistically significant lower mean scores for pain quality, pain catastrophizing, and depression. Assessing coping style by measuring personal characteristics such as social desirability and trait anxiety may help clinicians to identify vulnerable individuals with lung cancer who may be candidates for early and timely intervention efforts to enhance adjustment to pain.