Granulomatous lymphadenitis in a dog caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare

Background: Mycobacteriosis is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, with considerable zoonoticpotential and risk to public health. Infection in dogs is rare and is usually associated with immunosuppression, resultingfrom eating meat or contact with contaminated soil or fomites. Dogs are also known as potential sources for the spread ofatypical tuberculosis in humans and other animals. This paper aims to describe the clinical, cytological, histopathological,and molecular findings of a male canine seen at University Veterinary Hospital of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, with generalizedlymphadenomegaly associated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection.Case: A 2-year-old male Lhasa Apso dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá city, located in theMidwest region of Brazil. The patient had a history of intermittent claudication of the left pelvic limb for approximately6 months and lymphadenomegaly with progression for approximately 2 months. The dog had wheezing and generalizedlymphadenopathy (submandibular, axillary, and popliteal lymph nodes); cryptorchidism was also observed. A completeblood count revealed nonspecific results, and in the serum biochemical profile, the values of urea, creatinine, albumin, andalanine aminotransferase were within the reference range. No changes were observed on the radiography of the femurotibiopatellar joints. Considering the generalised lymphadenopathy, fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathologicalexamination through biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed. On the cytology and histopathology, numerous negativeimages of moderately refringent bacillary structures distending the cytoplasm from the macrophages was found. Thesamples were also subjected to special Ziehl-Neelsen staining, which confirmed an accentuated and diffuse granulomatouslymphadenitis associated with alcohol...(AU)

Granulomatous lymphadenitis in a dog caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare

Background: Mycobacteriosis is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, with considerable zoonoticpotential and risk to public health. Infection in dogs is rare and is usually associated with immunosuppression, resultingfrom eating meat or contact with contaminated soil or fomites. Dogs are also known as potential sources for the spread ofatypical tuberculosis in humans and other animals. This paper aims to describe the clinical, cytological, histopathological,and molecular findings of a male canine seen at University Veterinary Hospital of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, with generalizedlymphadenomegaly associated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection.Case: A 2-year-old male Lhasa Apso dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá city, located in theMidwest region of Brazil. The patient had a history of intermittent claudication of the left pelvic limb for approximately6 months and lymphadenomegaly with progression for approximately 2 months. The dog had wheezing and generalizedlymphadenopathy (submandibular, axillary, and popliteal lymph nodes); cryptorchidism was also observed. A completeblood count revealed nonspecific results, and in the serum biochemical profile, the values of urea, creatinine, albumin, andalanine aminotransferase were within the reference range. No changes were observed on the radiography of the femurotibiopatellar joints. Considering the generalised lymphadenopathy, fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathologicalexamination through biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed. On the cytology and histopathology, numerous negativeimages of moderately refringent bacillary structures distending the cytoplasm from the macrophages was found. Thesamples were also subjected to special Ziehl-Neelsen staining, which confirmed an accentuated and diffuse granulomatouslymphadenitis associated with alcohol...

Reconstrução prepucial com uso de enxerto combinado em cães / Preputial reconstruction combined with graft in dogs

Background: Preputial injuries are significant in the clinical routine. Traumas, conditions, and mass excision result in extensive and full-thickness defects that lead to chronic penile exposure and consequential injuries. Severe injuries may require preputial reconstructive surgery to restore function and aesthetics. The objective is to report the use of the preputial reconstruction technique using the caudal superficial epigastric axial standard flap associated with a single-stage, full-thickness oral mucosa graft in 3 dogs where the loss of the prepuce was significant. Cases: Three dogs were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFMT with preputial lesions of different etiologies. All cases were referred for preventive reconstruction using a flap in the caudal axial epigastric pattern associated with a single-stage oral mucosa graft. In the 3 reported cases, changes that compromised surgical success, such as suture dehiscence, necrosis, or infection, were not observed during hospitalization. Cutaneous stitch dehiscence, however, was observed in all 3 cases. Dog 1. A small point of dehiscence and tissue necrosis was found and treated with chemical debridement and healed by second intention, which proved to be sufficient on the 30th day. Dog 2. A half-moon rotation flap was performed, which closed the defect. Dog 3. A new procedure using the reporting theme technique was necessary in order to cover the cranial portion of the foreskin. The dehiscence present in dogs 2 and 3 was significant. Flap retraction was observed in all 3 cases. In dogs 1 and 3, the retraction was slight, and the exposure of a small portion of the penile glans were observed, showing no changes that required intervention. In dog 2, retraction was important, leading to partial stenosis of the preputial ostium. A larger ostium was obtained by suturing the mucosa to the edge of the wedge. Considering the possibility of adhesion formation, "captons" were made in sterile silicone tubes, and sutures were placed in the dorsal and ventral aspects to prevent adherence of the oral mucosa graft located on the inside of the new foreskin. The captons were removed on the tenth post-operative day, revealing a good opening of the preputial orifice and adequate penile exposure. Discussion: The absence of a foreskin caused by trauma or surgical excision leads to chronic penile exposure, dryness, and ulcerations. The simple covering of the skin with an axial-type flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region tends to fail since only the graft edges are sutured into the abdominal skin. In these circumstances, the subcutaneous region on the penis is exposed and comes in direct contact with urine and the penile mucosa, causing the flap skin to grow to exacerbated retraction. The transplantation of a free-lip mucosa graft allows the subcutaneous region of the transposed skin flap to create adhesions in the fenestrated regions of the lip tissue through the formation of granulation tissue buds, which is performed in a single stage. The permanence of the penis protects the lower urinary system from the occurrence of infections relative to what is normally observed in cases where partial or total penile amputation is practiced in combination with adjunctive scrotal urethrostomy. Given the observations of the 3 cases described here, the technique of pre-facial reconstruction with an axial skin flap of the caudal superficial epigastric region, combined with free-labial mucosa graft, was found to be feasible for the single-stage foreskin technique, but that paraphimosis remanagement may be necessary when cutaneous portions of the penile skin caudal to the glans are removed.