RESUMO
We report a simulation study on competition between cracking and peeling, in a layer of clay on desiccation and how this is affected by the rate of drying, as well as the roughness of the substrate. The system is based on a simple 2-dimensional spring model. A vertical section through the layer with finite thickness is represented by a rectangular array of nodes connected by linear springs on a square lattice. The effect of reduction of the natural length of the springs, which mimics the drying is studied. Varying the strength of adhesion between sample and substrate and the rate of penetration of the drying front produces an interesting phase diagram, showing cross-over from peeling to cracking behavior. Changes in the number and width of cracks on varying the layer thickness is observed to reproduce experimental reports.
RESUMO
Reported in this paper are 17 abdominal complications among 2,161 patients, following cardiac surgery, using cardiopulmonary bypass. This incidence is comparatively low, accounting for only 0.78 percent, whereas figures between 0.3 and 1.6 percent have been reported in the international literature. Lethality worldwide has been quoted to be between 25 and 50 percent and amounted to 23.5 percent for the above patients. This seems to underscore the great importance of early decision-making on appropriate therapy. Haemorrhage from the upper gastro-intestinal tract due to stress-related ulcers had been the predominant finding in this study. Acute pancreatitis developed in two patient, one of them ending in death. Acute cholecystitis and ischaemic colonic gangrene were additional complications. No significant extension of perfusion periods was established, which was in deviation from findings made by other authors.
