RESUMO
The scientific accomplishments of Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente are critically considered. Special attention is devoted to his position in relationship with the views of contemporary Paduan scientists such as Galileo, Santorio, Sarpi. Fabrici appears to represent the highest point of the XVI century morphological research, being in the same time innovative for his new observations and conservative for his substantially Aristotelian way of thinking.
Assuntos
Métodos , Ciência/história , Universidades/história , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História Pré-Moderna 1451-1600 , ItáliaRESUMO
An outline is presented of the biography, works and writings of Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente. During his long career as professor in the University of Padua (1565-1613), he brought at its splendor the time honored tradition of the local anatomical school, both as a teacher and as a scientist. His major contributions (among which are his pitture colorate d'anatomia, embriological studies, description of the venous valves, establishment of the first permanent anatomical amphitheater) are briefly commented upon.
Assuntos
Anatomia/história , Educação/história , Universidades/história , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História Pré-Moderna 1451-1600 , ItáliaRESUMO
Gustavo Usiglio (1855-1933), a pupil of Billroth, was a surgeon of high qualities. The present author analyzes his main scientific work "On the tumours of the thyroid and their cure"; the book, which deals essentially with goitre, was published in 1894 at Milan and, in a 2nd edition, in 1895 at Trieste. Especially in the final chapter on therapeutics, Usiglio reveals himself as a fervent follower of Kocher.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Geral/história , Bócio/história , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Itália , SuíçaRESUMO
The author illustrates an unknown dialogue written in Triestine dialect by Arturo Castiglioni. The text is a description of the symptoms of venereal disease; the last part of the dialogue contains a dissertation about the nature and the origin of venereal diseases, written in Italian. A didactic inclination and a strong attention to every kind of precautionary measure make this unknown dialogue a very interesting text.
Assuntos
Manuscritos como Assunto/história , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/história , Historiografia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Itália , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
The authors outline the historical development of anatomical and physiological acquisitions on the optic nerve. From the first descriptions of Alcmaeone of Crotone (6th century B.C.) through the Aristotelean school, we arrive at the systemization of Claudius Galen. After the medioeval parenthesis, it fell to Vesalius to give a new impulse to anatomical research. Varolio and Eustachi describe the exact point of origin of the optic nerves. Later observations involve both anatomists and physiologists. The question of the transmission of sensory messages is described (Willis, von Haller), as is the microscopic structure of the optic nerve (Zinn, von Leeuwenhoek). After the description of the decussation of the fibers of the optic nerve in the optic chiasma, research into this cranial nerve has an increasingly neurophysiological and neurochemical orientation, continuing until the recent discovery of axoplasmic flow.
Assuntos
Nervo Óptico , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Nervo Óptico/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Óptico/fisiologiaAssuntos
Educação Médica/história , Medicina Militar/história , Áustria , História Moderna 1601- , ItáliaRESUMO
The history of inguinal herniorrhaphy certainly presents some peculiar aspects. Until the 18th century this disease was studied with interest and found a place in the books of several important authors, but in practice it was treated by empiricists and barbers. We must recognize however that some of their surgical methods are still effective--mostly methods tending to preserve the spermatic cord. The 18th century brought forth new surgical treatments and surgeons like the Saxon Richter and Antonio Scarpa began to intervene in the matter. The latter illustrated this surgical and anatomical problem with beautifully drawn tables. In Padua, Edoardo Bassini proposed reparative plastic surgery designed to prevent relapses in the year 1884. Since then, the surgical history of inguinal herniorrhaphy has been one of long and lasting success.
