RESUMO
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (dlbcl) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for approximately 30% of lymphoma cases in Canada. Although most patients will achieve a cure, up to 40% will experience refractory disease after initial treatment, or relapse after a period of remission. In eligible patients, salvage therapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (asct) is the standard of care. However, many patients are transplant-ineligible, and more than half of those undergoing asct will subsequently relapse. For those patients, outcomes are dismal, and novel treatment approaches are a critical unmet need. In this paper, we present available data about emerging treatment approaches in the latter setting and provide a perspective about the potential use of those approaches in Canada.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Brentuximab Vedotin/uso terapêutico , Canadá , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Rituximab is the first monoclonal antibody to be approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in cancer. Its role in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), has evolved significantly. We aimed to systematically review and update the literature on rituximab in lymphoma and CLL, and provide evidence-based consensus guidelines for its rational use. Validated methodology from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care was used. A comprehensive literature search was completed by a methodologist from the Hematology Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontario. Data were extracted from randomised controlled trials of rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimens for patients with lymphoma or CLL. Fifty-six primary randomised controlled trials were retrievable and met all inclusion criteria. Clinically important benefits in progression-free survival or overall survival were seen in the following settings: (i) addition of rituximab to combination chemotherapy for initial treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and HIV-related lymphoma with CD4 count ≥50/mm3; (ii) addition of rituximab to combination chemotherapy for initial and subsequent treatment of follicular lymphoma and other indolent B-cell lymphomas; (iii) use of rituximab maintenance in patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas who have responded to chemoimmunotherapy; (iv) addition of rituximab to fludarabine-based chemotherapy or chlorambucil for initial treatment of CLL. The consensus opinion of the Hematology Disease Site Group is that rituximab is recommended for these indications.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma/mortalidade , OntárioRESUMO
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly administered to patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with neutropenia. We constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the cost-effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis with G-CSF to a strategy of 'no G-CSF' in response to severe neutropenia for adults with advanced-stage HL treated with ABVD. A Canadian public health payer's perspective was considered and costs were presented in 2013 Canadian dollars. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) attained with the G-CSF and 'no G-CSF' strategies were 1.403 and 1.416, respectively. Costs for the strategies with and without G-CSF were $38,971 and $33,982, respectively. In the base case analysis, the 'no G-CSF' strategy was associated with cost savings and improved QALYs; therefore, 'no G-CSF' was the dominant approach. For patients with severe neutropenia during ABVD chemotherapy for advanced-stage HL, a strategy without G-CSF support is associated with improved quality-adjusted outcomes, cost savings, and is the preferred approach.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neutropenia Febril Induzida por Quimioterapia/prevenção & controle , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/economia , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Prevenção Secundária/economia , Adulto , Bleomicina/uso terapêutico , Canadá , Estudos de Coortes , Dacarbazina/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/uso terapêutico , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Humanos , Cadeias de Markov , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimblastina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
With no treatment standard having been established for relapsed and refractory follicular lymphoma, a number of therapeutic approaches are used in Canada. In patients who relapse early or who eventually become resistant to subsequent treatment, prognosis is poor, and new approaches are needed. A number of novel therapies are being examined in this setting, including monoclonal antibodies, immunoconjugates, immunomodulatory agents, and signal transduction inhibitors. With the body of evidence for those emerging therapies accumulating and the standard upfront treatment changing from rituximab and chop (cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone) or rituximab and cvp (cyclophosphamide-vincristine-prednisone) to bendamustine and rituximab, treatment decisions in the relapsed and refractory setting have become more complex. The choice of subsequent treatment must consider type of upfront treatment; duration of remission; and patient-related factors such as age, comorbidities, and treatment preferences. This paper summarizes the evidence for novel therapies and proposes recommendations for subsequent treatment options by remission duration after induction and maintenance.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Azacitidine (AZA) improves overall survival and transfusion independence in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We aimed to quantify the reduction in red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and to determine when this reduction occurs, in MDS patients treated with AZA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of changes in RBC transfusion burden in 51 patients with predominantly higher risk MDS (26.5% high risk, 51.0% intermediate-2) who received AZA. Transfusion requirements were audited 6 months prior to and up to 18 months after therapy initiation, and data were analysed using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: At baseline, 30 patients (58.8%) were transfusion dependent (TD). Seventeen patients (56.7%) achieved transfusion independence (TI) by 18 months, and 8 of these patients (47.1%) achieved this response by 4 months on therapy. Achievement of TI was not consistently durable in these 17 patients, as 11 patients reverted to TD while on therapy. Meanwhile, 6 of 21 patients who were TI at baseline became TD on therapy. The monthly average of RBC units transfused decreased significantly beginning at 4 months, with a reduction from 2.50 units per month at baseline to 1.00 units per month at month 4. This 60% reduction was significant (P = 0.002) and sustained beyond 12 months. CONCLUSION: These results bolster the notion that AZA significantly reduces transfusion burden and resource utilization and illustrate the limitations of the current WHO erythroid response criteria which do not account for differing durability and fluctuations of response.
Assuntos
Azacitidina/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Sangue , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), combined modality therapy (CMT) using high-dose methotrexate and radiotherapy (WBRT) has improved response rates compared with chemotherapy alone. The trade-off is delayed and potentially devastating treatment-related neurotoxicity (NT). METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model compared CMT with chemotherapy alone in age-stratified patients with PCNSL. Baseline probabilities were derived from a systematic literature review. Direct and lost productivity costs were collected from a Canadian perspective and presented in Can$ in 2011. Outcomes were life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS: The quality-adjusted life expectancy was 1.55 QALYs for CMT and 1.53 QALYs for chemotherapy alone. In younger patients (aged <60 years), CMT yielded 2.44 QALYs, compared with 1.89 QALYs for chemotherapy alone, yielding an expected benefit with CMT of 0.55 QALYs or 6.6 quality-adjusted months. The CMT strategy dominated in younger patients, as it was Can$11 951 less expensive than chemotherapy alone. The chemotherapy-alone strategy dominated in older patients, as it was Can$11 244 less expensive than CMT, and there was no difference in QALYs between the strategies. The model was robust in sensitivity analyses of key variables tested through the plausible ranges obtained from costing sources and published literature. CONCLUSION: The preferred induction strategy for younger patients with PCNSL appears to be CMT, which minimized cost while maximizing life expectancy and QALYs. This analysis confirms that the preferred strategy for older patients is chemotherapy alone.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/economia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Terapia Combinada/economia , Quimioterapia de Indução/economia , Expectativa de Vida , Linfoma/economia , Linfoma/terapia , Idoso , Canadá , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Cadeias de Markov , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Dentin bonding agents became unavoidable in today's aesthetic restorative dentistry. Nevertheless, more and more evidences on their possible cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity emerge. Still, only limited number of studies has been published on that issue. In our work we evaluated possible genotoxicity of five different adhesives: Adper Single Bond, Adper Single Bond 2 with nanofiller, Excite, OptiBond Solo Plus and Prompt L-pop. Genotoxicity assessment was carried out on human lymphocytes in vitro, using chromosomal aberration analysis. Polymerized adhesives were tested at three different dilutions of the 0.5 g mL(-1) eluate stock (2.5 x 1:10(6), 1:10(6) and 1:10(5)) after 1 h, 24 h and 5 days of elution. Slight but significant increase in the number of chromatid breaks was observed after 24-h elution period, for adhesives Adper Single Bond 2, Excite, and OptiBond Solo Plus at dilutions of 1:10(6) and 1:10(5), and for other two only at dilution of 1:10(5). First three adhesives also appeared to be slightly genotoxic after 1 h of elution but only at 1:10(5). As a bonding agent remains in close contact with living dental tissue over a long period of time, information on their possible genotoxicity and carcinogenicity should be more clearly clarified in the near future.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Adesivos Dentinários/toxicidade , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cromátides/ultraestrutura , Permeabilidade da Dentina , Humanos , Linfócitos/ultraestrutura , Testes de MutagenicidadeRESUMO
We report the case of an acute cerebral hemorrhage after one "ecstasy" tablet in a 21 year old woman without any relevant medical or surgical history. The status showed a right sensorimotor syndrome. The CT-scan and the MRI revealed a left cerebral hemorrhage. The patient only partially recovered her neurological functions after one year. The discussion deals with the effects and dangers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) which is systematically used in night parties or "raves".
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Alucinógenos/efeitos adversos , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Exame Neurológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/complicações , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/etiologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/diagnósticoAssuntos
Desastres , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Educação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Romênia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Metalurgia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Alcoolismo/etiologia , Epilepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Neuróticos/etiologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/etiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologiaAssuntos
Transtornos Neuróticos/epidemiologia , Medicina do Trabalho , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Educação , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Personalidade , Risco , Romênia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The averaged photic-evoked responses (APER) and their dispersion pattern (DP) were investigated in tired subjects, neurotics and patients with neurotic syndromes. The appearance of an ample late negative deflection (N3) followed by a deep positive one (P3) of APER and of an atypical DP in tired subjects, neurotics and in patients with neurotic syndromes, may be considered signs of tiredness and of attention lability. A lengthening of the latencies and decrease in amplitude of different APER components, found in neurotics and in patients with neurotic syndromes only, indicated abnormalities in the function of neuronal structures involved in the organizations of responses to peripheral stimuli.