RESUMO
En los últimos años el número de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad en España ha aumentado y cada vez son más los expertos que alertan de una epidemia. En 2006 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) dio la voz de alarma con la Carta Europea contra la Obesidad. Dos años más tarde numerosas sociedades científicas y organizaciones de salud a nivel internacional coincidían en que la obesidad debía ser tratada como una enfermedad y abordada enérgicamente. Asturias no es una excepción; como ejemplo, entre los años 2002 y 2008 la prevalencia de la obesidad mórbida en la comunidad pasó de un 0,4% a un 5,1%. Según estos datos parece imprescindible, como recomienda la OMS, poner en marcha programas específicos de salud que inviertan esta tendencia. En este trabajo se proponen algunas medidas que se pueden desarrollar en los centros de atención primaria del Sistema Público de Salud, con el objetivo de ofrecer planes de acción individualizados y de calidad tanto a pacientes adultos como en edad pediátrica. En primer lugar, se sugiere incluir en el programa de obesidad de la historia clínica informatizada un cuestionario exhaustivo sobre dieta y actividad física. En segundo lugar, se insta a la Administración Sanitaria para que promueva cursos específicos sobre obesidad, previos a la puesta en marcha del nuevo programa de obesidad. En tercer lugar, se recomienda dar difusión institucional a las guías clínicas sobre obesidad basadas en la evidencia científica, para concienciar a los profesionales sanitarios sobre la importancia de esta enfermedad (AU)
The number of people suffering from overweight and obesity has grown in Spain in recent years and the number of specialists warning us of an epidemic continues to rise. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the alarm in the European Charter on counteracting obesity. Two years later, a number of scientific societies and health organizations at international level agreed that obesity should be treated as a disease and vigorously approached. Asturias is not the exception; for instance between 2002 and 2008 the prevalence of morbid obesity increased from 0.4% to 5.1% in the community. In view of this data it seems essential to launch specific programmes to reverse this trend. In this work we will propose some measures that can be carried out at the primary care level in the public health service in order to offer quality and individualized care plans both to adult and children. First, the need of an exhaustive questionnaire on diet and physical activity to be included in the program of obesity of the clinical computerized history is suggested. Secondly, the Health Administration should promote specific courses on obesity, before the new obesity program was released. Thirdly, institutional publicising of Clinical Guidelines on obesity based on the scientific evidence is recommended so that health professionals are made aware of the importance of this disease (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Programas Gente Saudável/organização & administração , Estilo de Vida , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodosRESUMO
The number of people suffering from overweight and obesity has grown in Spain in recent years and the number of specialists warning us of an epidemic continues to rise. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the alarm in the European Charter on counteracting obesity. Two years later, a number of scientific societies and health organizations at international level agreed that obesity should be treated as a disease and vigorously approached. Asturias is not the exception; for instance between 2002 and 2008 the prevalence of morbid obesity increased from 0.4% to 5.1% in the community. In view of this data it seems essential to launch specific programmes to reverse this trend. In this work we will propose some measures that can be carried out at the primary care level in the public health service in order to offer quality and individualized care plans both to adult and children. First, the need of an exhaustive questionnaire on diet and physical activity to be included in the program of obesity of the clinical computerized history is suggested. Secondly, the Health Administration should promote specific courses on obesity, before the new obesity program was released. Thirdly, institutional publicising of Clinical Guidelines on obesity based on the scientific evidence is recommended so that health professionals are made aware of the importance of this disease.
Assuntos
Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes is a highly prevalent disease and its management is performed mainly in primary health care. In the present article, focused on the nursing point of view, we propose a comprehensive and very simple approach to the treatment of patients with diabetes, based on the authors' broad clinical experience. There are 5 pillars of type 2 diabetes treatment: diet, exercise, blood glucose autoanalysis, drugs, and control of vascular risk factors (an important question that is not dealt with in this article). A diabetic diet is always required at all phases of the disease. Regular, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of diabetes. Blood glucose autoanalysis is recommended in certain subgroups of patients. Throughout the natural history of type 2 diabetes, drug therapy is structured in stages, which are analyzed in depth in the present article.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Tratamento Farmacológico/métodos , Educação em Saúde , Higiene/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Dieta , Exercício Físico , HumanosRESUMO
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, cuyo tratamiento depende básicamente de atención primaria. En este trabajo se propone una visión integral (desde el punto de vista enfermero) del tratamiento del paciente diabético, muy sencilla y basada en la experiencia asistencial de los autores. Los pilares del tratamiento de la DM2 son 5: la dieta, el ejercicio, el autoanálisis glucémico, los fármacos y el control de los factores de riesgo vascular (cuestión fundamental que no se aborda). La dieta antidiabética es necesaria siempre, en todas las fases de la enfermedad. Una actividad aeróbica regular, de mediana intensidad, ha demostrado beneficios en el tratamiento de la diabetes. El autoanálisis glucémico se recomienda para ciertos subgrupos de pacientes. A lo largo de la historia natural de la DM2, el tratamiento farmacológico se estructura en escalones, que se analizan detalladamente en este trabajo
Type 2 diabetes is a highly prevalent disease and its management is performed mainly in primary health care. In the present article, focused on the nursing point of view, we propose a comprehensive and very simple approach to the treatment of patients with diabetes, based on the authors' broad clinical experience. There are 5 pillars of type 2 diabetes treatment: diet, exercise, blood glucose autoanalysis, drugs, and control of vascular risk factors (an important question that is not dealt with in this article). A diabetic diet is always required at all phases of the disease. Regular, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has demonstrated benefits in the treatment of diabetes. Blood glucose autoanalysis is recommended in certain subgroups of patients. Throughout the natural history of type 2 diabetes, drug therapy is structured in stages, which are analyzed in depth in the present article