Bioprospecting a Film-Forming System Loaded with Eugenia uniflora L. and Tropaeolum majus L. Leaf Extracts for Topical Application in Treating Skin Lesions.

Natural products can be used as complements or as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Eugenia uniflora and Tropaeolum majus are natives of Brazil and have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to develop a film-forming system (FFS) loaded with plant extracts with the potential for treating microbial infections. E. uniflora and T. majus leaf extracts were prepared and characterized, and the individual and combined antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The FFS was developed with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. The combination of extracts showed a superior antioxidant effect compared to the individual extracts, justifying the use of the blend. FFS prepared with 4.5% PVA, 4.5% PVP, 7.81% E. uniflora extract, and 3.90% T. majus extract was adhesive, lacked scale formation, presented good malleability, and had a suitable pH for topical application. In addition, the viscosity at rest was satisfactory for maintaining stability; water solubility was adequate; skin permeation was low; and the antimicrobial effect was superior to that of the individual extracts. Therefore, the developed FFS is promising for the differentiated treatment of skin lesions through topical application.

Perfil psicofarmacológico da população masculina atendida na Clínica Escola de uma universidade do Paraná / Psychopharmacological profile of male population attended at the School Clinic of a university of Paraná state

Transtornos mentais são alterações temporárias ou duradouras que interferem de forma significativa na vida de muitas pessoas. Uma das formas de tratamento é o uso de psicofármacos, substâncias que podem atuar diretamente em neurotransmissores diminuindo o desconforto/sofrimento do paciente. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os psicofármacos utilizados no tratamento de psicopatologias de homens adultos atendidos na Clínica Escola de uma Universidade. Para tanto, foi empregada pesquisa documental (triagens e prontuários) do biênio 2016/2017 e análise comparativa dos dados. Verificou-se que foram atendidos 29 homens com média de idade de 34 anos. As classes de psicofármacos citadas foram antidepressivos, antipsicóticos e ansiolíticos. Onze indivíduos administravam antidepressivos e doze não utilizavam medicação. As subclasses de antidepressivos encontradas foram: inibidores seletivos da captação da serotonina, inibidores seletivos da recaptura da serotonina e noradrenalina e antidepressivos atípicos, administrados para o transtorno de ansiedade. Citalopram, fluoxetina e bupropriona eram utilizadas no transtorno de pânico em conjunto com diazepam. Em apenas três casos haviam antidepressivos administrados no transtorno depressivo. Os antipsicóticos (haloperidol e risperidona) estavam sendo administrados para casos de ansiedade. Os resultados corroboram com as informações de que os antidepressivos são medicamentos amplamente utilizados pela população, especialmente no tratamento da ansiedade.(AU)

Mental disorders are temporary or lasting changes that significantly affect many people's lives. Psychotropic drugs, substances that can act directly on neurotransmitters, reducing the patient's discomfort / suffering, can be used as a treatment. The aim of the work was to investigate the psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of adult male psychopathologies treated at in a University School Clinic. A documentary research (screenings and medical records) during 2016/2017 biennium and comparative data analysis were used as method. The population that fitted the criteria was 29 men, having a average age of 34 years. The classes of psychotropic drugs mentioned were antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics. Eleven individuals administered antidepressants and twelve did not use medication. The subclasses of antidepressants found were: selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and atypical antidepressants, administered for anxiety disorder. Citalopram, fluoxetine and buproprione were used in panic disorder combined with diazepam. In only three cases antidepressants were prescribed for depressive disorder. Antipsychotics (haloperidol and risperidone) were prescribed to treat cases of anxiety. The results corroborate with the information that antidepressants are drugs widely used by the population, especially to treat anxiety.(AU)

Proposta de formulação contendo extrato de folhas de Eugenia involucrata e análise da atividade antimicrobiana / Proposal of formulation containing Eugenia involucrata leaf extract and antimicrobial activity analysis

Eugenia involucrata, também conhecida como cerejeira-do-mato, é uma espécie nativa do sul do Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho foi otimizar um extrato das folhas de E. involucrata, empregando turbo-extração, e desenvolver uma emulsão, contendo o extrato, avaliando a atividade antimicrobiana. Para otimização do extrato foram avaliados dois fatores, determinando resíduo seco e teor de compostos fenólicos. Na elaboração da emulsão foi utilizado homogeneizador ultra turrax, e as concentrações do extrato adicionadas à emulsão foram de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%. As formulações foram avaliadas frente ao pH, características visuais, tamanho de partícula e polidispersão. Para o ensaio antimicrobiano foi aplicada técnica de difusão em ágar. Por meio do planejamento fatorial 32 do Centro de Pesquisa e Processamento de Alimentos - CEPPA, considerando os fatores polaridade do solvente e tempo de extração, foi possível verificar melhores resultados com o extrato obtido em solvente etanol e tempo de extração de 3 minutos. A formulação apresentou pH ácido, sem separação de fases, variações no tamanho de gotícula, indicando sistema com distribuição heterogênea e atividade antifúngica. O sistema emulsionado desenvolvido, contendo diferentes concentrações de extrato, apresentou atividade antifúngica em todas as concentrações testadas, indicando que novos estudos podem ser realizados para otimizar a formulação desenvolvida.(AU)

Eugenia involucrata, popularly known as cerejeira-do-mato, is a native specie of brazilian south. The aim was to optimize an extract from the leaves of E. involucrata, using turbo-extraction, and developed an emulsion evaluation antimicrobial activity. Two factors were determined, time and polarity of the solvent, determining the dry residue and phenolic compounds content. Ultra turrax homogenizer was used for preparation of the emulsion and the extract concentrations added were 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2%. The formulations were evaluated for pH, visual characteristics, particle size and polydispersity. The microbiological assay agar diffusion technique was applied. Using the factorial design 32 of the Center for Research and Food Processing - CRFP, considering solvent polarity (hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol 70%) and extraction time (10, 20 and 30 minutes), was possible to verify the extract obtained of 3 minutes with the ethanol solvent was the better results. The formulation showed acidic pH, without phase separation, variations in droplet size, indicating system with heterogeneous distribution and antifungal activity. The emulsified system developed with different concentrations of extract showed antifungal activity in all the concentrations tested, indicating that new studies can be carried out to optimize the developed formulation.(AU)