GHRL, LEP, LEPR genes polymorphism and their association with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.

Objective. Many conflicting results have been obtained in the study of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants that are associated with the obesity and diabetes possibly due to differences in the study populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) levels in the blood of obese patients in relation to the GHRL (rs696217), LEP (rs7799039), LEPR (rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094) polymorphism in Ukrainian population. Methods. The study involved 53 obesity cases and 48 non-obesity subjects (controls). The GHRL, LEP, and LEPR genes polymorphism (rs696217, rs7799039, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094) was genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Blood hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) were determined with commercially available kits using a Multiskan FC analyzer. Results. The study of the effect of genotypes of the GHRL (rs696217), LEP (rs7799039), and LEPR (rs1137100, rs1805094) polymorphisms on the level of metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin) in the blood of obese patients did not show reliably significant results. Thus, the presence of the LEPR genes (rs1137101) polymorphism in the Ukrainian population indicates an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome development regardless of the homozygous or heterozygous genotype (genotypes AA, AG, GG). Conclusions. We established a significant effect of the presence of the A allele and G allele of the LEPR gene polymorphism (rs1137101) on the level of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and resistin in the serum of patients diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome in the Ukrainian population.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA, OSGOOD-SCHLATTER DISEASE AND MULTIPLE CORTICAL DISORDERS IN A CHILD.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To analyze scientific data on the problems of disorders of bone morphogenesis in children, in particular, non-ossifying fibroma. To analyze modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the context of the latest scientific achievements. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The latest data of scientists from the world's leading clinics describing various forms of fibrous skeletal lesions in children of differ¬ent ages were analyzed. We examined a boy with fibrous lesions of the cortical layer of the knee joint bones and a girl with a large fibrous focus of the distal femoral metaphysis, which resulted in a closed pathological bone fracture. Surgical treatment, osteosynthesis, marginal resection of the tumor, bone grafting and histological examination were conducted. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Despite numerous studies of this disease, the etiopathogenesis of this disease has not been studied. There are no early symptoms of fibrous bone lesions in children. Diagnosis is possible only when a pathological fracture of the affected bone occurs due to extensive growth of fibrous tissue and a significant decrease in the mechanical strength of the bone. Most cases of recognition of such a disease occur accidentally when performing X-ray examinations for other reasons - bruises, sprains, arthralgias, osteochondropathy, infectious diseases, etc. It is known that boys are more mobile and require more frequent X-ray examinations for limb injuries than girls, so the likelihood of accidental detection of such changes increases significantly. Thus, long-term observations of children with fibrous bone lesions have shown that after 40 years, patients rarely developed malignant tumors - osteogenic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibroma of tubular bones, pelvic bones. There are no early symptoms of fibrous bone lesions in children. Recognition of such a disease occurs by chance when X-ray examinations are performed for other reasons.

Effect of the GHRL gene (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic disorders in patients with obesity in the Ukrainian population.

Objective. Over the past four decades, the prevalence of obesity has tripled and limited genetic studies with specific SNPs have been conducted, but no investigations using ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide (GHRL) gene have been reported in the Ukrainians population. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the level of metabolic hormones in the blood of obese patients in relation to the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism. Methods. The study involved 53 obesity cases and 48 non-obesity subjects (controls). The GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism was genotyped using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Blood hormones were determined with commercially available kits using a Multi-skan FC analyzer. Results. Carriers of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism were statistically significantly more in patients diagnosed with obesity compared to controls indicating a genetically determined cause of obesity. We also established a significant effect of the presence of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism on the decrease in the adiponectin level and the increase of resistin level in obese patients. The study of the effect of genotypes (TT, GT, GG) of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism on the metabolic hormone levels in the blood of obese patients did not show reliably significant differences. Conclusions. The presence of the T allele of the GHRL (rs696217) polymorphism in Ukrainian population indicates an increased risk of the obesity development regardless on the homozygous or heterozygous genotype.

PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was to study the state of the nitric oxide system, LPO and antioxidant system in the body of experimental animals in simulated metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to study the state of the nitric oxide system, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in the body of experimental animals in simulated MS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study was performed on 20 white male Wistar rats. Male control rats (n = 10) were fed a normal control diet. Male rats of the main group (n = 10) were fed a diet high in fat (over 60 % energy from fats) for 16 weeks, thus modeling the development of MS. The indicators of the prooxidant and antioxidant system, as well as the nitric oxide system were determined by photospectrographic method. RESULTS: Results: In animals with simulated MS, intensification of lipoperoxidation (statistically significantly higher level of TBA-active products 1.84 times), depletion of antioxidant protection (statistically significantly lower level of superoxide dismutase 2 times), activation of nitric oxide system (statistically significantly higher NO-synthase level 2.15 times) were found compared with intact animals. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In animals with simulated MS, activation of lipid peroxidation processes, depletion of antioxidant protection and increased.

CAUSES OF SUPERINFECTIONS: DEADLY BACTERIA OF TUBERCULOSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To improve early diagnosis of drug-resistant superbacteria and interrupt the ways of its formation through molecular technological and surgical methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The operated patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - 351 (51.25 %) patients, who were operated with the use of minimally invasive technologies, and this was the main group; group 2 - 334 (48.75 %) patients who were operated on open wide thoracotomy, which was the comparison group. Among 351 patients in the main group, in 301 - acute pleural tuberculous empyema was detected, and in 50 - chronic one. Among patients in the comparison group, acute pleural empyema was observed in 284 patients and chronic in 50 patients. RESULTS: Results: According to our data, video thoracoscopy is a highly informative method of diagnosis of pleural effusions, detection of pleural tuberculous empyema in the first, second and third stages of its development. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The introduction of modern molecular-geneticand surgical technologies will allow to accurately establish the etiology process, to conduct the identification of pathogen microorganisms and to determine the phenotymetric and genotytypical sensitivity of bacteria to Antimycobacterial drugs. Such diagnostics will promote effective treatment of patients who are already infected with persistent strains of bacteria and viruses.