[The hygiene and toxicology of fertilizers at the present stage].

The paper touches upon the topical aspects of the hygiene and toxicology of fertilizers and their state sanitary-and-epidemiological examination at the present stage. It also considers guidelines for the toxicological-and-hygienic evaluation when state trials are carried out.

[The systems principle in establishing the allowable human daily dose of pesticides]. / Sistemnyi printsip pri ustanovlenii dopustimoi sutochnoi dozy pestitsidov dlia cheloveka.

Instead of the earlier isolated standardization of the levels of pesticides in the foodstuffs, water, air, a comprehensive hygienic regulation of pesticides in the environmental objects, which is based on the criterion--an allowable daily dose (ADD)--has been implemented since 1967. The systems principle is used, by taking into account the toxicological and hygienic parameters and the adverse reactions. Tens of thousands of regulations have been legally adopted. ADD has been shown to be the basis for constructing a comprehensive system of regulation of pesticides, including the "expectation time", "the time of going to work", etc. The principles of harmonization of ADDs adopted by the WHO and Ukraine are presented.

[Combined effect of detergents and priority pollutants on the body and quality of environment (review of literature)]. / Kombinirovannoe deistvie detergentov i prioritetnykh zagriaznenii na organizm i kachestvo okruzhaiushchei sredy (obzor).

The paper deals with the topical problem in the combined effect of detergents and priority pollutants (pesticides, mineral fertilizers, and heavy pollutants) on the body and the quality of the environment. Under combined man-made environmental pollution, surfactants may substantially alter the behavior and toxicity of many chemical substances, which requires that these studies should be continued.

[Public health reforms in Ukraine: legal bases]. / Reformirovanie zdravookhraneniia Ukrainy: pravovye osnovy.

The authors demonstrate the need in a law of the Ukraine on organization of population health protection by using an original methodological approach: they separate organization of medical activity and primary health care. The state is expected to play the leading role in public health as a regulator, but not manager. Philosophy of financial/economic and organization/financial basis of medical activities is described in the context of modern legislation.

[Health care of workers of industrial enterprises in Ukraine]. / Mediko-sanitarnaia pomoshch' rabotnikam promyshlennykh predpriiatii na Ukraine.

Presents the conceptual basis for recreating the system of primary health care of workers of industrial enterprises under modern conditions. Organization of medical care under modern economic conditions is shown as exemplified by a specially designed model of medical care of workers of atomic power station.

[Social-economic significance of the work potential in the development of public health]. / Sotsial'no-ékonomicheskaia znachimost' rabochego potentsiala v razvitii zdravookhraneniia.

Problems of management of Ukraine health service personnel are concerned. The tables illustrate discrimination in salaries of the medical staff, the defects in labor motivation.

[The conceptual trends in the development of a model of primary health care in Ukraine under the current conditions]. / Kontseptual'nye napravleniia v razrabotke modeli pervichnoi mediko-sanitarnoi pomoshchi na Ukraine v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

The authors validate the necessity of reformation of the system of primary health care in the Ukraine. They analyse the solution of this problem in various countries of the world and outline the major trends in development of the model of primary health care in the Ukraine under present-day conditions.

[The cytotoxic action of metal stearates and its correlation with the toxicity for animals]. / Tsitotoksicheskoe deistvie stearatov metallov i ego korreliatsiia s toksichnost'iu dlia zhivotnykh.

Toxic effects of lead, cadmium, barium, silver, zinc and calcium stearates on the Rh-type cells culture have been revealed. The expressiveness of the cytotoxic action correlated with the toxicity degree for laboratory animals. The strongest (r = 0,98; p less than 0,01) was the correlation between cytotoxicity parameter (the minimal cytoclastic concentration) and the inhalation toxicity parameter in animals (lim(ac)). The results permitted deriving formulae for predicting some toxicity parameters (intraperitoneal LD50, lim(ac)), hygienic regulations (MAC), and showed that the prediction based on cytotoxicity data is more reliable, than that based on toxicometric parameters in short-term experiments used for such purpose.

[Quantitative relationships of structure and antimicrobial activity in azole-containing chemotherapeutics]. / Kolichestvennye sootnosheniia struktura-protivomikrobnaia aktivnost' azolsoderzhashchikh khimiopreparatov.

Several novel azole-containing compounds belonging to condensed heterocycles were studied in vitro within the program of screening antimicrobial substances. Changes in the activity of the compounds against 8 representatives of the microbial genera dependent on the chemical structure were followed up. The changes in the structure referred to the radicals at positions 1 and 3.

[The antimicrobial activity of 5-styryl-2-furoylmethyltriphenyl phosphonium bromides and their derivatives]. / Antimikrobnaia aktivnost' bromidov 5-stiril-2-furoilmetiltrifenilfosfoniia i ikh proizvodnykh.

5-styryl-2-furoylmethyltriphenyl phosphonium bromides and their derivatives produce (due to their chemical structure) to a greater or lesser extent the pronounced antimicrobic effect on a number of test cultures of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Gram-positive microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtilis proved to be most sensitive to the studied compounds.

[Quantitative "structure-antimicrobial activity" relations of the new azole derivatives]. / Kolichestvennye zavisimosti "struktura-protivomikrobnaia aktivnost'" dlia novykh proizvodnykh azolov.

New azole derivatives are synthesized and examined with the purpose of searching antimicrobic drugs and of determining the quantitative structure--activity relationships. Their antifungal and antibacterial activity is fixed. Certain regularities of the relationships between the chemical structure of compounds and their activity are determined by the Free-Wilson model. The influence of aryl and alkyl radicals in 1.2 and 5 positions of azoles on antimicrobial properties is discussed. Prospects for the further studies of this group of chemicals are shown.