RESUMO
Colorado became the first state to make laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations a case-based reportable condition in 2004. We summarized surveillance for influenza hospitalizations in Colorado during the first 4 recorded influenza seasons (2004-2008). We highlight the similarities and differences among influenza seasons; no 2 seasons were entirely the same. The 2005-06 influenza season had 2 distinct waves of activity (types A and B), the 2006-07 season was substantially later and milder, and 2007-08 had substantially greater influenza B activity. The case-based surveillance for influenza hospitalizations provides information regarding the time course of seasonal influenza activity, reported case numbers and population-based rates by age group and influenza virus type, and a measure of relative severity. Influenza hospitalization surveillance provides more information about seasonal influenza activity than any other surveillance measure (e.g., surveillance for influenza-like illness) currently in widespread use among states. More states should consider implementing case-based surveillance for influenza hospitalizations.
Assuntos
Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Colorado/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças/métodos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/virologia , Laboratórios Hospitalares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estações do Ano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Most mitochondrial mRNAs in kinetoplastid protozoa require post-transcriptional RNA editing that inserts and deletes uridylates, a process that is catalyzed by multiprotein editosomes. KREPA6 is the smallest of six editosome proteins that have predicted oligonucleotide-binding (OB) folds. Inactivation of KREPA6 expression results in disruption and ultimate loss of approximately 20S editosomes and inhibition of procyclic form cell growth. Gel shift studies show that recombinant KREPA6 binds RNA, but not DNA, with a preference for oligo-(U) whether on the 3' end of gRNA or as a (UU)(12) homopolymer. Thus, KREPA6 is essential for the structural integrity and presence of approximately 20S editosomes and for cell viability. It functions in RNA binding perhaps primarily through the gRNA 3' oligo(U) tail. The significance of these findings to key steps in editing is discussed.