[Promising markers for the risk and prognosis of gestational diabetes mellitus]. / Perspektivnye markery riska razvitiia i prognoza techeniia gestatsionnogo sakharnogo diabeta.

The review provides information on the molecular genetic mechanisms for the development gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It gives data on the genetic identity of GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus and considers a role of some adipokines and incretin hormones in the development of GDM. There is evidence for the role of magnesium and vitamin D deficiencies in the pathogenesis of gestational carbohydrate metabolic disturbances.

Effect of galectin-1 on apoptosis of CD4(+) lymphocytes differentiated in vitro towards regulatory T cells.

We studied the effect of galectin-1 on apoptosis of CD4(+) lymphocytes intact and in vitro differentiated towards regulatory T cells. An increase in the content of apoptotic CD4(+) lymphocytes was observed after exposure of intact cells with 15 ng/ml galectin-1 and after exposure of regulatory T cells with 10 and 15 ng/ml galectin-1. Apoptosis of regulatory T cells induced by galectin-1 was accompanied by an increase in the content of proapoptotic protein Bad.

[Regulation of the genes expression of CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation transcription factors by galectin-3 in vitro].

Now a number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, known as Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17, is currently identified and well- studied. The methods basing on the targeted regulation of differentiation process of the Th-lymphocytes that carry out the immune response polarization attract an attention of scientists dealing with a correction of immune-mediated. In the present study, endogenous beta-galactoside-binding protein of the lectin family, galectin-3, was investigated as a regulator of T-cell homeostasis. A galectin-3 is known to be actively produced by tumor cells in malignant transformation and able to influence the processes of signal transduction, cell-cell cooperation and the implementation of programmed death. As cell differentiation processes are directly connected with the regulation of gene expression, we investigated the effect of recombinant galectin-3 on expression of mRNA of transcription.factors, which guide the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes. The study was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals. The gene expression levels were evaluated by a real-time PCR. In the experiments in vitro, it has been first found the recombinant galectin-3 (0.5 mg/mL) up-regulating the expression of transcription factors Gata-3 and Rorc mRNAs and down-regulating the mRNA expression of transcription factors T-bet and FoxP3. Up to a concentration of 1 mg/mL recombinant galectin-3 stimulates Th-cells by dose-dependent manner, whereas at higher concentrations stimulating effect weakens, and inhibiting action starts prevailing. Thus, one can suppose that galectin-3 through regulation of lymphocytes differentiation promote development of allergic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases that allows us to consider the galectin-3 as a.potential target for therapy of these diseases.

[Clinical trials of ofloxacin in sequential use (intravenous and oral) in patients with serious hospital infection]. / Klinicheskoe izuchenie ofloksatsina pri posledovatel'nom primenenii (vnutrivenno i vnutr') u bol'nykh s ser'eznymi gospital'nymi infektsiiami.

Fifteen patients with severe hospital infections such as postoperative pneumonia or intraabdominal sepsis were treated with ofloxacin in a dose of 400 mg once a day for 7 to 14 days (11 days at the average). The drug was administered intravenously for the first 3-5 days and then orally till the end of the treatment course. The clinical effect was observed in 14 patients (93 per cent) and the positive bacteriological effect was stated in 11 out of 13 patients (85 per cent). Before the treatment 18 microbial cultures were isolated from the patients. 94 per cent of them was susceptible to ofloxacin. The isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequent. The treatment resulted in the eradication of 15 cultures (83 per cent). The adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients but only in 1 of them they were for certain due to the drug use. All the adverse reactions were insignificant or moderate and did not require the treatment discontinuation. The trials showed that ofloxacin was a highly efficient agent useful in the empirical monotherapy of patients with severe hospital infection.