[Local mechanisms of the regulatory action of Scutellaria baicalensis and ginseng extracts on the erythropoiesis after paradoxical sleep deprivation].

The influence of ginseng and skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extracts on the local mechanisms of erythropoiesis control under the conditions paradoxical sleep deprivation has been studied. The regulatory action of both preparations on the bone marrow erythropoiesis is based on their ability to influence the proliferation and differentiation in erythroid cells-precursors via modulation of the functional activity of cellular hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment elements. In particular, the drugs induce changes in the structural and functional organization of the bone marrow and in the production of short-range humoral erythropoiesis regulatory elements.

Mechanisms of regulation of erythropoiesis during experimental neuroses.

We studied the mechanisms of erythropoiesis regulation in a conflict situation and during paradoxical sleep deprivation. Plastic reconstruction of the erythroid hemopoietic stem during experimental neuroses is regulated by a complex multicomponent and multilevel system. This system consists of central adrenergic structures, sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, and alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors on erythroid precursors and cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Erythroid cells receive instructive information from the central nervous system via adrenoceptors on cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment and erythroid precursors. Hyperplasia (conflict situation) and suppression of erythropoiesis (paradoxical sleep deprivation) are associated with specificity of central adrenergic regulatory mechanisms.

Parmacological regulation of erythropoietic precursor pool in experimental neuroses.

We studied the effect of bone marrow Thy 1,2+ cells on the growth of erythroid colonies and the role of monoamine in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells in experimental neuroses. Under conditions of conflict situation Thy 1,2+ cells stimulated the growth of erythropoietic precursors (directly and via interaction with adherent cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing environment). Under conditions of paradoxical sleep deprivation the absence of interaction between Thy 1,2+ cells and adherent bone marrow fraction disturbs erythroid colony formation. In experimental neuroses the state of erythropoietic precursors and secretory activity of elements of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment are controlled by monoamines. The regulatory effect of monoamines is realized via adrenergic and erythropoietin-sensitive receptors on erythroid precursors and cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment.

Local mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of Kropanol on hemopoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation.

We studied the effect of Kropanol on local regulatory mechanisms of hemopoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation. The regulatory effect of Kropanol on granulomonocytopoiesis was determined by increased binding capacity of stromal cells in relation to granulocyte-macrophage precursors and increased formation of mixed hemopoietic islets leading to accelerated maturation of granulocyte-macrophage precursors and hyperplasia of the granulomonocytic hemopoietic stem. Stimulation of erythropoiesis with Kropanol was associated with increased formation of erythroid hemopoietic islets, accelerated differentiation of erythroid precursors, and high content of erythroid cells in the bone marrow. Kropanol increased proliferative activity of erythroid precursors. Stimulation of these processes depended on enhanced production of short-distance humoral regulators of erythro- and granulomonocytopoiesis.

Possible mechanisms underlying the effect of natural preparations on erythropoiesis under conditions of conflict situation.

We studied the effects of various natural preparations, including extracts of Siberian ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, bergenia, and ginseng and pantohematogen on erythropoiesis under conditions of conflict situation. The test preparations were divided into 2 groups depending on their modulatory effect on intensified erythropoiesis under conditions of conflict situation. Some of them reduced (extracts of ginseng, bergenia, and Rhodiola rosea), while others increased the degree of hyperplasia in the erythropoietic stem (extract of Siberian ginseng and pantohematogen). The regulatory effect of preparations depended on activity of the corresponding neurotransmitter systems in the brain and local regulatory mechanisms of hemopoiesis.

Mechanisms underling the effects of adaptogens on erythropoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation.

We studied the effects of adaptogens extracts of Siberian ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, bergenia, and ginseng and pantohematogen, on erythropoiesis after paradoxical sleep deprivation. Adaptogens stimulated bone marrow erythropoiesis in the early stage, but decreased the count of bone marrow erythrokaryocytes 3-7 days after treatment. The effect of adaptogens on erythropoiesis is associated with modulation of the state of brain neurotransmitter systems followed by changes in functional activity of cells in the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment.

Effects of adaptogens on granulocytopoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation.

We studied the effects of extracts from Siberian ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, bergenia, and ginseng (G115) and pantohematogen on granulocytopoiesis after paradoxical sleep deprivation. The effects of adaptogens on the blood system were most pronounced during hyperplasia of granulocytopoiesis. Natural preparations were divided into groups depending on their activity. Extracts of Siberian ginseng and Rhodiola rosea did not modulate granulocytopoiesis. Ginseng G115 extract suppressed granulocytopoiesis. Bergenia extract and pantohematogen produced ambiguous effects on the granulocytic hemopoietic stem.

Local regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic precursors during experimental neuroses.

Intensive formation of hemopoietic islets and secretion of humoral hemopoiesis stimulators by cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment underlie activation of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage precursors in conflict situation. Stimulation of division and maturation of committed granulomonocytic precursors during paradoxical sleep deprivation is primarily related to intensive secretion of humoral factors by hemopoietic elements. The inhibition of proliferative activity and differentiation of erythroid precursors is associated with the impaired formation of erythroid hemopoietic islets and suppressed secretion of humoral erythropoiesis stimulators by nonadherent fractions of the hemopoietic microenvironment.

[Effect of natural nootropic and adaptogen preparations on the cortex bioelectrical activity in rats]. / Vliianie prirodnykh preparatov s nootropnymi i adaptogennymi svoistvami na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' kory mozga krys.

The influence of new nootrope and adaptogen preparations representing dry extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis (Georgi), Bergenia crassifolia (Fritsch), and velvet antlers of Siberian deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) on the bioelectric activity (cortex Fourier spectral EEG power) under conflict situation and conditioned reflex development was studied in rats. In both tests, the drugs produced similar changes in the EEG activity: (i) increase in the partial contribution of delta-activity and general spectral power, (ii) depression in the alpha and beta 1-rhythm power, (iii) depression of theta-activity in some cases. The EEG activity changes depended on the initial state and were closely connected with the behavior of the test animals. The drug administration led to normalization of the alpha and beta 1 activity correlated with the improved behavioral characteristics. At the same time, the delta activity was virtually not affected and lost the correlation with behavior.

Role of the central nervous system in hemopoiesis regulation during experimental neuroses.

Pharmacological blockade of dopamine- and serotoninergic structures with haloperidol and cyproheptadine, respectively, attenuated hyperplasia of bone marrow granulocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis (cyproheptadine) caused by conflict situation. At the same time, haloperidol and, especially, cyproheptadine normalized suppressed erythropoiesis and modulated activated granulocytopoiesis under conditions of paradoxical sleep deprivation. These results indicate that central regulation of hemopoietic stems is mediated by different neurotransmitter mechanisms. Erythropoiesis depends on the state of serotoninergic structures, while granulocytopoiesis is regulated both by the dopamine- and serotoninergic systems.

Adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms of hemopoiesis regulation during experimental neuroses.

Scopolamine abolished hyperplasia of erythropoiesis caused by conflict situation and its inhibition after paradoxical sleep deprivation, but did not affect granulomonocytopoiesis. The modulatory effects of this muscarinic receptor blocker on the erythron indicated involvement of the cholinergic system in the formation of neurotransmitter interrelations. In vitro restoration of the colony-forming ability of myelokaryocytes under the effect of sympathomimetics during in vivo blockade of the central or peripheral part of the adrenergic system indicated that adrenoceptors play the major role in the information transfer from the higher regulatory centers to hemopoietic cells.

[The modulating effects of preparations of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) on erythron reactions under conditions of neurotic exposures]. / Moduliruiushchie éffekty preparatov shlemnika baikal'skogo na reaktsii éritrona v usloviiakh nevroticheskikh vozdeistvii.

Preparations of Scutellaria baicalensis, namely its dry extract and the bioflavonoid baicalin stimulate erythropoiesis depressed in deprivation of the paradoxical phase of sleep. After a conflict situation, when hemopoiesis is activated, both drugs normalize it. The modulating effect of drugs on hemopoiesis in exposure to neurotic factors is a consequence of their influence on the functional state of the cell elements of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment. The capacity of the Scutellaria baicalensis drugs for reducing the effect of psychoemotional stress on the blood system is apparently related to their influence on the adrenergic structures.