Polish population data for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs markers / Badania populacji Wielkopolski w zakresie 17 markerów Y-STRs oraz 8 Y-SNPs.

The aim of our study was to establish the genetic differentiation of the population of the province of Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs and comparison of the Polish population with other selected populations. The investigations included 201 unrelated male inhabitants of the Greater Poland region We found 184 unique haplotypes for 17 Y-STR. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.96. The most frequent haplotype Ht-50 was found in 3 samples and 7 haplotypes observed twice. Further, the same samples were analyzed with Y-8 SNPs markers. We obtained 40 haplotypes. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.20. The most frequent haplotype was presented in 38 samples. A total of 4 different haplogroups were established. Haplogroup K= 19%, IJ = 7%, R1a1 = 59% and R1b = 15%. The HD value of Y-SNPs/Y-STRs was 0.9883.

[Application of Y-SNPs in forensic genetics]. / Zastosowanie Y-SNPs w genetyce sadowej.

The study presents the results obtained by LightSNiP method with the use of 2 SNPs located on Y chromosome. The purpose of this study was examination of the mixture of the genetic material in the form of male and female blood in different dilutions. The size of available STR-PCR markers is between 100 and 500 bp, which can limit the possibility of DNA mixture analysis, where the amount of male DNA is relatively low or the genetic material is markedly degraded. Selection of appropriate SNPs placed on Y chromosome can provide information that will facilitate interpretation of the female and male DNA mixture. The test was performed on a Light Cycler 2.0, Roche Diagnostic.

[Morphology and diagnostics of mechanisms of chest bone fractures and their use in analyzing forensic medicine results]. / Morfologia i diagnostyka mechanizmów zlaman kosci klatki piersiowej -- wykorzystanie w opiniowaniu sadowo-lekarskim.

The study presents the analysis of 343 available protocols of autopsy results. In the reviewed material, the authors noted that of 343 autopsies performed in 2005, in 92 cases, rib fractures were present. The study reviews the articles on the morphology and determination of the mechanism of rib fracturing. The authors describe the majority of factors that influence the type of fracture, as well as the current views on the possibility of applying the knowledge of morphology and mechanisms of rib fracturing in opinionating in traffic accidents, injuries inflicted to victims of assault and battery, in interpreting autopsy findings in victims of falls from high altitude or crushing by heavy objects, as well as in differentiating between primary and secondary injuries, and also identifying fractures occurring during resuscitation. Fractures in children are presented separately. The authors also analyze the issue of establishing the sequence of fractures.

[Treatment based on patient's consent: controversies, doubts, ambiguities]. / Leczenie na podstawie zgody pacjenta - kontrowersje, watpliwosci, niejasnosci.

The authors aimed at directing the reader's attention to regulations by law related to the consent to treatment, the form and interpretation of which may induce controversies among clinicians. Among various problems associated with such a vast topic, the authors focused on the issue of the so called "printed form consent", commonly practiced, but legally groundless in view of the legal regulations in force. The report also presented selected aspects of obtaining consent to treatment of a juvenile patient, specifying and discussing unclear and doubtful situations. Another topic stressed in the paper involved treatment executed in the absence of consent or when preferences of the patient are unknown, particularly in emergencies. Finally, selected aspects of compulsory procedures were presented, in particular the principles of compulsory examination of a patient in penal proceedings and the use of constraint in the emergency detoxification centers.

[Consent of Jehovah's Witnesses to treatment with blood preparations: legal and ethical aspects]. / Zgoda swiadków jehowy na leczenie preparatami krwi - aspekty prawne i etyczne.

A specific situation in medical practice involves a contact with the philosophy of life represented by Jehovah's Witnesses and their refusal to receive blood transfusions. The objective of the present study is to present legal problems related to the rights of Jehovah's Witnesses to refuse treatment with blood and its derivatives. In addition to the presentation of the regulations, the authors emphasize the aspects of such regulations and their interpretation which may cause doubts to emerge among the clinicians. The legally unacceptable situation is also stressed, wherein the treatment is instituted without the patient's consent or despite his refusal, even if such treatment is administered by the physician positive as to his most noble motivation. Selected ethical issues associated with this problem are also presented, along with the stance of international conventions on human rights and biomedical aspects.

[Paternity exclusion tests in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan]. / Wykluczenia ojcostwa w swietle badan Katedry i Zakladu Medycyny Sadowej Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu.

The study comprises the analysis of expert's hemogenetic reports carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, in the years 1980-2004 and associated with paternity determination or exclusion. In the analyzed period, the authors established 1064 cases of paternity exclusion in serological tests, 97 paternity exclusions in the HLA examinations, and 129 cases of paternity exclusions processed in DNA testing. On the base of gene frequencies, the theoretical chance of paternity exclusion was determined for every test. The significant usefulness of DNA testing in legal processes did not cause an increase in the percentage of paternity exclusions. Moreover, the authors observed a significant decrease in the number of paternity exclusions in comparison with results of serological tests (from 24.25% to 19.43%). With the drop in the number of births, the number of expert's reports significantly decreased.

[Importance of comparative odontological research in the whole entirety of identification proceedings on the base of the skull]]. / Znaczenie porównawczych badan odontologicznych w caloksztalcie postepowania identyfikacyjnego na podstawie czaszki.

The complex comparative identification studies based on skull analysis include a number of detailed tests of anatomy, anthropology, odontology and surgery. The range of tests performed depends primarily on the type of collected comparative material. In the paper, particular attention has been devoted to one of the stages of the identification procedure, i.e. to comparative odontological tests. An attempt has been made to underline their importance in the set of complex identification studies, based on the skull, and to accentuate the importance of appropriate and very accurate dental records for the forensic-medical applications.