Hazard identification posed by plant protection products during warehouse fires.

In addition to fertilisers, plant protection products are essential in today's agricultural production. The increase in the human population leads to the need to optimise agricultural production, with an increasing demand for plant protection products. Historically, there have been serious fires at plant protection product storage facilities with devastating consequences for the environment. For this reason, it is worth investigating what risks arise for people and the environment during a fire at storage sites for these substances. In this article, tests were carried out for three plant protection products containing azoxystrobin as the active substance, in order to investigate the effects of the additives on combustion processes. Tests of combustion parameters were performed using a cone calorimeter. A tube furnace with asphyxiating and irritant gas analysers and gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer were used to analyse the resulting gas products. The Plant Protection Products tested achieved high values for combustion parameters. Analysis of the substances produced during their combustion showed that large amounts of asphyxiating and irritating gases (CO, N2O, NO, SO2, NH3, HCl, CH2O, HCN) were generated.

Analysis of Flammability and Smoke Emission of Plastic Materials Used in Construction and Transport.

This study provides valuable data on the specific toxic products that could be released from the commercially used, flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) during a fire. The steady-state tube furnace (Purser furnace) was used to generate combustion and thermal degradation products under different fire conditions. The concentrations of asphyxiates and irritant gases were determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy gas analyser. The volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds released in the fire effluents were collected using the solid-phase microextraction technique and identified by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector. In addition, the thermal stability of the FPUFs was evaluated by simultaneous thermal analysis. The cone calorimetry test was used to determine the flame retardancy of the selected materials. The obtained results show that the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide during the thermal degradation and combustion of the tested foams exceeded the permissible values and pose a serious threat to human life and health. Moreover, substituted benzenes, aldehydes, and polycyclic hydrocarbons were found in the released gases during all of the test conditions.

Temporal muscle flap in reconstruction of maxillo-facial tissues.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Presents our experience in reconstruction of postsurgical defects with use of temporal muscle flap. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the years 1996-2010 we treated 10 patients with malignant neoplasms of maxillo-facial region. Following tumor removal the fascia-muscle flaps of temporal muscle were used for reconstruction. Temporal muscle flaps were applied in 5 cases for reconstructing the defect of eye socket tissue after extensive resections and in the other 5 patients was used for reconstructing the defect of palate following maxillary resections. RESULTS: All the flaps of temporal muscle that were used for reconstructing eye sockets incorporated with no local reaction. In one case of flap applied into the oral cavity for tightly separate from nasal, partial necrosis of flap's edge and oro-nasal fistula occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Fascia-muscular flap of temporal muscle is a simple, easy and effective method of tissue reconstruction in maxillo-facial region following extensive oncologic procedures.

[Face cancer infiltrating of ethmoid-orbito-nasal complex]. / Raki plaskonablonkowe skóry twarzy naciekajace masyw nosowo-sitowo-oczodolowy.

Face cancer is one of the most common skin tumors and because of its locations is usually early diagnosed. In spite of this a lot of recurrence after surgical treatment are observed. It is caused a lack of proper margins in sequence of limitation excision because of esthetic and functional reasons. The recurrence of skin cancer primarily localized in periocular region and infiltrating intraorbital, ethmoidal and nasal tissues demand extensive and injurious surgical procedures. The authors present their experience in diagnostic and treatment patients with recurrent cancers infiltrating of ethmoid-orbito-nasal complex.