Multimodal smart systems reprogramme macrophages and remove urate to treat gouty arthritis.

Gouty arthritis is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by high urate levels in the joints and by an inflammatory immune microenvironment. Clinical data indicate that urate reduction therapy or anti-inflammatory therapy alone often fails to deliver satisfactory outcomes. Here we have developed a smart biomimetic nanosystem featuring a 'shell' composed of a fusion membrane derived from M2 macrophages and exosomes, which encapsulates liposomes loaded with a combination of uricase, platinum-in-hyaluronan/polydopamine nanozyme and resveratrol. The nanosystem targets inflamed joints and promotes the accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages locally, while the uricase and the nanozyme reduce the levels of urate within the joints. Additionally, site-directed near-infrared irradiation provides localized mild thermotherapy through the action of platinum and polydopamine, initiating heat-induced tissue repair. Combined use of these components synergistically enhances overall outcomes, resulting in faster recovery of the damaged joint tissue.

Antiviral Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioactivity, Better Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics.

Antiviral drugs (AvDs) are the primary resource in the global battle against viruses, including the recent fight against corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most AvDs require multiple medications, and their use frequently leads to drug resistance, since they have poor oral bioavailability and low efficacy due to their low solubility/low permeability. Characterizing the in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help to solve the problems associated with AvDs and enhance their efficacy. In this review of AvDs, we systematically investigated their structure-based metabolic reactions and related enzymes, their cellular pharmacology, and the effects of metabolism on AvD pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. We further assessed how delivery systems achieve better metabolism and pharmacology of AvDs. This review suggests that suitable nanosystems may help to achieve better pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetic behavior of AvDs by altering drug metabolism through the utilization of advanced nanotechnology and appropriate administration routes. Notably, such AvDs as ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir have been confirmed to bind to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) receptor and thus may represent anti-COVID-19 treatments. Elucidating the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help pharmacologists to identify new formulations with high bioavailability and efficacy and help physicians to better treat virus-related diseases, including COVID-19.

Overall control herbal medicine in best consistency.

The standard preparation (SP) based on the quantitative fingerprint was proposed to control the quality of compound licorice tablets (CPLTs) in this paper, which is a great way to control the quality consistency nowadays. Here, taking China 145 batches of CPLTs from 9 manufacturers as samples to set up High Performance Liquid Chromatography fingerprints and CPLT-SP, and employing the systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) combined five markers' contents to evaluate their quality. The results showed that all samples were qualified. The quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) for the determination of five components in CPLTs was applied, and there was no striking diversity in the results compared to the standard curve method. Furthermore, the correlation between raw materials and preparation of CPLTs was studied for predicting quality intelligently. As well as the ultraviolet full fingerprint dissolution was applied to evaluate the rationality of preparation. The results demonstrated that SQFM based on SP can integrally and perfectly control the quality of HD in best consistency.

[Quality consistency evaluation of Fufanggancao tablets based on the control mode of standard preparation and quantitative fingerprint].

The control mode of standard preparation (SP) and quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of Fufanggancao tablets (FFGCTs) combined with the quantification of five markers were successfully developed and applied to the precise and accurate assessment of the quality consistency of 145 FFGCTs from nine manufacturers. The profiling was determined by reversed-phase HPLC at 220 nm wavelength, where the reference fingerprint (RFP) of the FFGCTs reserved as standard preparation was established. Subsequently, the SP-RFP was considered as the evaluation standard, and a systematic quantitative fingerprint method was applied to the integrative quality discrimination of 145 batches of FFGCTs, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Besides, the chromatographic systematic error of quantitative fingerprints was corrected by the double marker calibration method. The results showed that the qualities of the FFGCTs from the nine manufacturers were completely qualified. Moreover, all raw herb fingerprints and the simulated sample were determined by using the combined chromatographic conditions applied to the FFGCTs, which helped identify the source of the profiling peaks in the preparation and establish the correlation between the raw herb fingerprints and the preparation fingerprints. This eventually aided the intelligent prediction of the quality of the preparation or raw herbs and effective prevention of the inputs of inferior raw materials. In addition, we employed the ultraviolet full fingerprint dissolution method to differentiate the FFGCTs from five manufacturer dissolution, in which the rationality of the preparation process was evaluated. The method is feasible and accurate, and it can be applied to evaluate the quality and process technology consistency of FFGCTs. This paper provides a fundamental standard preparation evaluation mode and the basic operation procedure for the quality consistency assessment of traditional Chinese medicine.