Simulation Investigation on the Structure and Its Influence on the Impinging Pressure of the Carbon Dioxide Jet.

An improved understanding of the mechanisms of SC-CO2 jet drilling technology is important for the application of this new technology. The flow field structure and dynamic fluctuation of SC-CO2 jets are the key factors affecting the jet erosion performance. To improve the erosion performance of the SC-CO2 jet, it is necessary to study the relationship between the different flow fields of the jet. In this study, a numerical simulation model for SC-CO2 jet drilling technology is established. Based on the modified real-gas model, the pressure distribution and flow field characteristics of the SC-CO2 jet were obtained by the simulation investigation, and the reliability of the model was verified. The results show that the flow field structure of a supercritical CO2 jet has typical compressible flow field characteristics. As the jet is fully expanded, its pressure fluctuation is slight and less affected by the distance between the nozzle and the wall. When the jet is in the state of under-expansion, the flow field structure characteristics have a significant impact on the pressure distribution and peak pressure. At the same time, when the distance is large, when nozzle pressure ratio = 5, the pressure ratio has a more significant impact on the flow field and the pressure peak and distribution. The pressure distribution of different flow fields should be fully considered in the application.

Relationship between adolescent runaway behavior and family health / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the influencing factors of adolescent runaway and its correlation with family health so as to provide epidemiological evidence for future comprehensive interventions. 【Methods】 Using the quota sampling method, 1 065 adolescents aged 12-18 years old were surveyed by Questionnaire Star in 120 cities in China from July to September 2021. A well-developed electronic questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, family health, social support, and behavior of running away from home. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors of adolescent runaway and its correlation with family health. 【Results】 A total of 1 065 adolescents were investigated, among whom 334 were the only children (31.36%) and 442 were boys (41.50%). Univariate analysis revealed that 7.6% of teenagers had the experience of running away from home in the last 30 days. Participants who were ethnic minorities (P=0.031) and had education of technical school or junior college (P=0.029) and a low family income (P<0.001) were more likely to have running away behavior. Adolescents with low self-efficacy (P=0.005), depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), and more stress had higher detection rates of runaway behavior. However, adolescents with higher family health and social support were less likely to run away from home (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with adolescents with low family health, adolescents with high (OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.46) and moderate (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.55) family health had a significantly lower risk of runaway behavior. 【Conclusion】 The family is of great significance in preventing teenagers from running away from home. Parents should build a good parent-child relationship and create a happy family atmosphere to reduce the occurrence of teenagers running away from home.

Oxidation-absorption process for simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 over Fe/Al2O3@SiO2 using vaporized H2O2.

3% Fe/Al2O3 and 3% Fe/Al2O3@SiO2 were prepared to investigate the performance in simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 using vaporized H2O2. Certain paraments were changed to explore the activity of catalysts, including temperature, H2O2 concentration, GHSV and coexistence gases component. A 24-h durability test was conducted on 3% Fe/Al2O3@SiO2. Moreover, a series of characterizations were employed to analyze the physical and chemical properties of catalysts, including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, FTIR and XPS. Compared with 3% Fe/Al2O3, 3% Fe/Al2O3@SiO2 exhibited more excellent catalytic activity, which could achieve the peak removal efficiency of 100% for SO2 and 93.76% for NOx. Moreover, 3% Fe/Al2O3@SiO2 kept stable simultaneous removal efficiency in a 24-h test. The characterization results indicated that the BET area was greatly improved and the core-shell structure was synthesized with the formation of more micropores and mesopores by the coating of SiO2, which could improve the activity of catalyst at high temperature and high SO2 concentration. Besides, the mechanism of SO2 molecules on simultaneous removal was investigated. On one hand, a part of H2O2 was consumed by SO2 molecules without catalyst, which resulted in the drop of NOx removal by the decrease of oxidants. The main products were sulfites and bisulfites, which were broken down into SO2 over the catalyst. On the other hand, the presence of SO2 was beneficial for NOx removal by increasing oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface and facilitating the absorption of NO2 by NaOH solution.

Systematic evaluation of COVID-19 related Internet health rumors during the breaking out period of COVID-19 in China.

Background: To adapt the scientific evaluation tool for the confusion evaluation of health rumors and to test this tool to the confusion evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related health rumors on Chinese online platforms during the outbreak period of COVID-19in China. Methods: The design of our study was systematic evaluation of COVID-19-related health rumors. Retrieved from 7 rumor-repellent platforms, rumors about COVID-19 were collected during the publication from December 1, 2019, to February 6, 2020, and their origins were traced. Researchers evaluated rumors using the confusion evaluation tool in 6 dimensions(creators, evidence selection, evidence evaluation, evidence application, backing and publication platform, conflict of interest). Items were scored using a seven-point Likert scale. The scores were converted into percentages, and the median of rumors from different sources was compared with rank-sum test. Results: Our research included 127 rumors. Scores were converted to percentages, median and interquartile range are used to describe the data. The median score: creators 25.00%(interquartile range, IQR, 16.67-37.50%), evidence selection 27.78% (IQR, 13.89-44.44%),evidence evaluation 33.33% (IQR, 25.00-45.83%), evidence application 36.11% (IQR, 22.22-47.22%), backing and publication platform 8.33% (IQR, 4.17-20.83%), conflict of interest75.00% (IQR, 50.00-83.33%). Almost 40% rumors came from WeChat and the rumors with the lowest scores were concentrated on the WeChat platform. The rumors about prevention methods have relatively lower scores. Conclusion: Most rumors included were not highly confusing for evaluators of this project.WeChat is the "worst-hit area" of COVID-19 related health rumors. More than half rumors focus on the description of prevention methods, which reflects the panic, anxiety and blind conformity of the public under public health emergencies.

Oxidation of NO x Using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor over Mo/TiO2.

xMo/TiO2 catalysts (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4%) were prepared using the coprecipitation method in the present study. The coprecipitation method was used in the thermal catalytic decomposition of H2O2 steam to treat NO x at a low temperature range (80-160 °C). Several characterization techniques have been employed, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDXS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The activity tests showed that the incorporation of molybdenum into TiO2 led to a significant increase in the catalytic oxidation of NO, and under the condition of H2O2/NO = 6:1 (molar ratio), the NO x removal rate of 2% Mo/TiO2 is the highest, reaching 92.56%. XRD, TEM, and SEM-EDXS analyses showed that Mo was well dispersed on the surface of an anatase-phase TiO2. XPS analysis indicated that Mo mixed with slag mainly existed in the form of Mo6+. Moreover, in comparison with the mostly reported SCO catalysts, used for the elimination of NO, the prepared Mo/TiO2 catalyst showed excellent stability and sulfur resistance.

Experiment and simulation study of the effect of ethanol and compound additives on the urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction process under moderate temperature conditions.

An experiment and simulation study of the effect of using liquid additives on the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process is presented, providing a novel way for plants reducing NOX emissions. An experimental study is conducted in an entrained flow reactor, and CHEMKIN is applied for simulation study. Ethanol additive can effectively shift the temperature window of the NOXOUT process to a lower range and the NOXOUT efficiency ranges from 29 to 56% at 700-800°C. Furthermore, ethanol additive has a significant inhibitory effect on ammonia slip. Na2SO4 and C2H5OH can be combined into a compound additive, which has a synergistic effect on NO reduction. The addition of methanol can greatly promote denitrification efficiency from 650°C to 725°C, indicating the potential of compound additives in NO reduction. The HNCO + OH = H2O + NCO pathway is also proven to be enhanced for ethanol decomposition, thereby providing OH•, which is active in NO reduction. Finally, the reaction routes for ethanol on the urea-based SNCR process at the proper temperature are proposed.

AMPK activator down-regulates the expression of tissue factor in fulminant hepatitis mice / 生理学报

AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal metabolic regulatory enzyme and novel target of controlling inflammation. Our previous studies had demonstrated that 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-gal)-induced fulminant hepatitis via suppressing inflammatory response. Since inflammation usually activates the coagulation response and aggravates inflammation-induced tissue injury, the present study was to explore the effects of AICAR on inflammation-induced activation of coagulation. Male BALB/c mice received LPS/D-gal intraperitoneal injection were used as fulminant hepatitis model. Western blot was used to detect tissue factor (TF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein expressions in hepatic tissue, as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 translocation into the nucleus. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze erythropoietin (EPO) mRNA expression level. Lactic acid (LA) level in hepatic tissue was detected by kit. The results showed that LPS/D-gal induced the enhanced expression of TF, elevation of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, up-regulation of HIF-1α and EPO expressions, and increased LA level. These above alterations could be suppressed by AICAR. These results suggest that AICAR may down-regulate LPS/D-gal-induced TF expression (coagulation activity), and relieve hepatic hypoxia and metabolic disorder via suppressing the activity of NF-κB, which may be a novel mechanism of the beneficial effect of AICAR on LPS/D-gal-induced fulminant hepatitis.

The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole alleviates acute alcoholic liver injury / 生理学报

In this study, the effects of catalase (CAT) inhibitor aminotriazole (ATZ) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury were investigated to explore the potential roles of CAT in alcoholic liver injury. Acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alcohol in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and various doses of ATZ (100-400 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered intraperitoneally at 30 min before alcohol exposure. After 24 h of alcohol exposure, the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma were determined. The degree of hepatic histopathological abnormality was observed by HE staining. The activity of hepatic CAT, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver tissue were measured by corresponding kits. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma were determined by ELISA method. The results showed that treatment with ATZ dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of ALT, AST and LDH levels induced by alcohol exposure, and that ATZ alleviated alcohol-induced histopathological alterations. Furthermore, ATZ inhibited the activity of CAT, reduced hepatic levels of H₂O₂and MDA in alcohol exposed rats. ATZ also decreased the levels of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 in rats with alcohol exposure. These results indicated that ATZ attenuated alcohol-induced acute liver injury in rats, suggesting that CAT might play important pathological roles in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury.

Effectiveness of different waist circumference cut-off values in predicting metabolic syndrome prevalence and risk factors in adults in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effectiveness of waist circumference cut-off values in predicting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk factors in adults in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional survey was condcuted in 14 provinces (autonomous region, municipality) in China. A total of 47,325 adults aged⋝20 years were selected by multistage stratified sampling, and questionnaire survey and physical and clinical examination were conducted among them. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and modified IDF criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 24.2% (22.1% in men and 25.8% in women) and 19.5% (22.1% in men and 18.0% in women) according to the IDF criteria and modified IDF criteria respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-MetS was 8.1% (8.6% in men and 7.8% in women) according to the modified IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS was higher in urban residents than rural residents and in northern China residents than in southern China residents. The prevalence of central obesity was about 30% in both men and women according to the ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference for central obesity (90 cm for men and 85 cm for women). Multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant difference in risk factors between the two MetS definitions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China. Conclusion Using both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China.</p>

Secretion and action of insulin among Han and Uygur subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance,from Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare insulin secretion and action with impaired fasting glucosc (IFG),impaircd glucose tolerance (IGT) and combined glucose intolerance (CGI,IFG and IGT) between Han and Uygur populations living in Xinjiang.Methods A multicenter cross-section survey (The Third Diabetes Epidemiological Survey in China) was conductcd in Xinjiang from 2007 to 2008 including 2203 subjects (Han 1118,Uygur 1085) underwent an oral glucosc test (OGTT).Homeostasis model assessment on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β)were calculated.The ratio of incrcmcntal insulin(Δ130 ) and glucose (ΔG30)response was used to evaluate the early insulin secretion.ΔI30/ΔG30/HOMA-IR was used to evaluate the glucosc disposition index (DI).Results There were differences noticed regarding the waist circumstances (WC),body mass index (BMI),lipids,0 and 120 min insulin lcvcls in different glucose tolerance status between the Hans and Uygurs.Data related to NGT,IFG,CGI,WC from the Uygurs was significantly diffcrcnt from that of the Hans (P＜0.01),while the NGT,IFG,IGT and 120-minute plasna insulin levels of the Hans were significantly different from that of the Uygurs (P＜0.01).HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in Hans were significantly different from those of the Uygurs (P＜0.01).There were significant differences noticed on data reoated to Δ130/ΔG30,and DI among the two populations with different ethnicities.Conclusion Regarding the regulation of impaired glucose,the insulin resistance among the Hans was significantly different from that of the Uygurs,while there seemed to be a compensatory secretion of pancreatic β cells which played the role of maintaining blood glucose homeostasis.

Improvement in blood glucose fluctuations of insulin-treated type 1 diabetic patients with additional use of acarbose and assessed by continuous blood glucose monitoring program / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of combined use of insulin and acarbose on glucose excursion in type 1 diabetic patients.Methods 120 cases were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group received preprandial ultra-short effect insulin and long-acting insulin before bedtime while the observation group received acarbose 50 mg added to the medicine taken by the control group.Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) was used to watch the blood glucose fluctuations.Data related to blood glucose level,glucose excursions after meals and hypoglycemia at night were compared between patients in the two groups.Results The average blood glucose (9.37 ± 1.70) mmol/L,the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) ( 11.42 ± 2.73 ) mmol/L,hyperglycemia-area under curve 0.89 ± 0.54,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (5.13 ± 2.23) mmol/L,M-value (18.93 ± 11.43) mmol/L and insulin dosage (42.11 ± 14.42)U/day of observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P＜0.05 ).Glucose excursions after meals and the times( 0.33 ± 0.50 )/day,the maintenance time (43.75 ± 43.50)/min and low glycemic index ( LBGI ) (0.005 ± 0.002 ) mmol/L of hypoglycemia at night were also significantly lower than in the control group,with statistically significant (P＜0.05) differences.Conclusion The blood glucose fluctuation was significantly improved,with the decrease of insulin dosage while both glucose excursions and hypoglycemia at night reduced in patients with typel diabetes mellitus after the acarbose treatment.We suggested that this program deserve further observation.

Effect of Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain on apoptosis of mouse placental trophoblastic cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain on the apoptosis of mouse placental trophoblastic cells in vitro. Methods: Mouse placental trophoblastic cells (concentration of 5×106/ml) were cultured in the different cell culture vessels. The cells were treated for 8 h with different concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain (the concentration of tachyzoites was 2×106/ml, 4×10 6/ml, and 8×106/ml, respectively). FCM was used to examine the apoptosis rates of the placental trophoblastic cells stained with the fluorescent dye of Annexin V-FITC/PI; fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the changes of cellular morphology, and Western blotting analysis was used to detect the protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The trophoblastic cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain showed a higher apoptosis compared to the normal cells(P<0.05), and the apoptosis rates increased with the concentration of tachyzoites in the infected groups. The highest apoptosis rate was 28.37% which was found 8 h after culture with 8×106/ml tachyzoites. Fluorescence microscope observed that the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells increased with the increase of Toxoplasma gondii. Western blotting analysis showed that the relative expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were 1.24±0.05, 1.37±0.03, 1.78±0.04, and 1.15±0.03, 1.09±0.05, 0.97±0.01, respectively, which were significantly different from those of the control group (1.17±0.06, 1.23±0.02, P<0.05). Conclusion: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii ME49 strain can promote the apoptosis of mouse placental trophoblastic cells in vitro through up-regulating Bax expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression.

Supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii culture inhibits the proliferation of human lung cancer cell line A549 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate whether there is an inhibition of the human lung cancer cell line A549 induced by the culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and the mechanism of the inhibition. Methods A549 cells 5 x 10~4mL~(-1) were cultured and harvested. The cells were treated for different hours with different concentrations of Toxoplasma gondii culture supernatant (the concentrations of tachyzoites were 4×10~7mL~(-1), 8 × 10~7mL~(-1), 16 ×10~7mL~(-1) respectively). Growth inhibition rate was measured with the MTT method; Cell cycle was checked with flow cytometer. Western blot was used to detect the level of cyclinBl and cdc2 of cells. Results The culture supernatants of Toxoplasma gondii inhibited proliferation of A549 cells in a time-dose dependent manner. Cell cycle was significantly stopped at G_2/M phase by the culture supernatants with FCM technology. The culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii reduced the expressions of gene cyclinBl and cdc2 of A549 cells. Conclusion The culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii may inhibit A549 cell and arrest the cell cycle of A549 cells mainly by regulating the expression of gene cyclinBl and cdc2.