Research progress in intratumoral heterogeneity and clinical significance of ovarian cancer.

Intratumoral heterogeneity has been a hot topic of cancer research in recent years, which has become a part of resolving cancer metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. Intratumoral heterogeneity shows that cells undergo different division and proliferation during the process of tumor development, and their genomic cells exist in the process of tumor development. Protein and epigenetic changes can lead to differences in proliferation, migration and invasion, sensitivity and pharmacological prognosis of tumor cells, promote sustainable development and development of cancer cells, produce greater adaptability, and lead to metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance of malignant tumors. In recent years, the molecular mechanism and clinical application of intratumoral heterogeneity have captivated widespread attention from researchers. In the era of precision medicine, oncologists attempt to improve the clinical efficacy of targeted tumor therapy via intratumoral heterogeneity. In this article, recent advances in the study of intratumoral heterogeneity, molecular mechanism of intratumoral heterogeneity, systematic evolution and quantification and clinical significance of tumor heterogeneity were reviewed.

An innovative predictive model for cervical cancer constructed around a gene profile associated with cholesterol metabolism.

Cholesterol metabolism is crucial for cell survival and cancer progression. The prognostic patterns of genes linked to cholesterol metabolism (CMAGs) in CESC, however, have received very little attention in research. From public databases, TCGA-CESC cohorts with mRNA expression patterns and the accompanying clinical information of patients were gathered. Consensus clustering was used to find the molecular subtype connected to cholesterol metabolism. In the TCGA-CESC cohort, a predictive risk model with 28 CMAGs was created using Lasso-Cox regression. The function enrichment analysis between groups with high-and low-risk were investigated by employing GO, KEGG, and GSVA software. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and MCPCOUNTER methods. Finally, we select 7 genes in risk model for further multivariate Cox analysis, and ultimately a hub gene, CHIT1, was identified. Meanwhile, the function of CHIT1 was preliminarily verified in cell and mice tumor model. In conclusion, the abundance of the CHIT1 gene might be beneficial for forecasting the prognosis of CESC, demonstrating that cholesterol metabolism could be a promising treatment target for CESC.

Recurrent primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma preconception, pregnancy, delivery, and puerperal management: A case report and literature review.

A primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma (POLMS) is a rare malignant tumor of the ovary. Herein, we report a patient with an early-stage POLMS who underwent unilateral adnexectomy in our department with a subsequent pregnancy, delivery, and tumor recurrence. In this case, the patient was a 29-year-old female with a complaint of abdominal distention who underwent a right adnexectomy for a solid tumor in the right ovary. The pathological diagnosis was a stage IA leiomyosarcoma of the right ovary. One month later, a recurrence in the left ovary tumor was diagnosed. The patient did not agree to further treatment. She subsequently achieved a spontaneous pregnancy and had an uneventful pregnancy and delivery at term. During the puerperium, she underwent radical surgery and chemotherapy with the recommended follow-up evaluation. The literature review shows the pathogenesis of POLMS has not been established. There are no specific tumor markers, and it is difficult to distinguish the nature and origin of the tumor with imaging modalities, thus, early diagnosis is difficult. The malignancy rate is high, and the prognosis of advanced tumors is poor. To properly counsel patients to optimize treatment, more reports of cases, the disease course, treatments, and outcomes are needed.