[Reparative regeneration of connective tissue structures of mammals under antioxidant therapy conditions].

The influence of administration of the antioxidant complexes consisting of nonenzymatic antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate preparation) and enzymatic antioxidants (ceruloplasmin) has been studied in rabbits with experimental arthritis. The introduction of alpha-tocopherol acetate (at a daily dose of 4 mg) improved metabolic processes in the organism (decreased in the rate of erythrocyte precipitation, total leukocytes and their stub and segmental forms; increased in erythrocyte count; reduced the glycosaminoglycan content as determined from uronic acid and hexose level; decreased ceruloplasmin activity and malonic dialdehyde level ion blood serum, all at p < 0.05), thus favoring reduction in the total activity of the inflammatory process as judged from hematological and biochemical data. Intra-articular introduction of ceruloplasmin (1.5 mg/kg, once per week) positively influenced the state of joint structures in damaged knee joints of the animals: decreased the activity of ceruloplasmin (from 5.28 ± 0.06 to 3.94 ± 0.01 AU), and malonic dialdehyde level (0.18 ± 0.02 to 0.08 ± 0.01 µM) in the articular fluid (all at p < 0.05). These effects are probably related to the elimination of inefficiency of the antioxidant system in the synovial medium, thus preventing inflammatory destruction of articular tissues, hindering the development of pannus, and assisting the activation of reparative regeneration of connective tissue structures.

[Modern aspects of pathogenesis of the trauma of the spinal cord and trunks of peripheral nerves].

In pathogenesis of the traumatic disease of the spinal cord, two mechanisms of the injuries of its neuronal apparatus are defined: primary (necrosis) and secondary (apoptosis). In the work a participation of a number of internal causes in the progression of apoptosis in injury of the spinal cord and peripheral nerve trunks, the role of those remains little-studied up to date, is discussed.

[Structural and functional characteristics of bone tissue and blood cytokines in health and disease of the joints].

Change of structural and functional state of bone in patients with primary osteoarthrosis of the hip joint compared to healthy individuals is characterized by decreased bone formation with a relative predominance of resorption. Osteopenic syndrome develops in the background of evident imbalance of a blood cytokine profile with increasing the level of proinflammatory and the variability of the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

[Endothelial cell adhesion molecules].

The review presents current data concerning the functional role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules belonging to different structural families: integrins, selectins, cadherins, and the immunoglobulin super-family. In this manuscript the regulatory mechanisms and factors of adhesion molecules expression and distribution on the surface of endothelial cells are discussed. The data presented reveal the importance of adhesion molecules in the regulation of structural and functional state of endothelial cells in normal conditions and in pathology. Particular attention is paid to the importance of these molecules in the processes of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, regulation of permeability of the endothelial barrier and cell transmigration.

[The possibilities and perspectives of using scaffold technology for bone regeneration].

The article deals with the one of the topical problem of tissue engineering--the design and implementation of biomaterials that could replace and repair bone defects. This review presents the recent studies of the potential of scaffold technology in bone tissue regeneration. This article contains information about the basic parameters and properties of modern scaffold systems. The results of experimental in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of matrices made of various materials are shown. Advantages and disadvantages of various materials used for the production of scaffolds are discussed. Attention is paid to the advantages combinations of different materials to achieve the desired structural and functional properties. Particular attention is paid to technologies and systems of targeted delivery and controlled release of factors that stimulate bone tissue regeneration. Different strategies for modulating tissue reactions and immune responses that take place during scaffold implantation are presented.

[The molecular markers of systemic inflammation response and hemocoagulation in case of endoprosthesis replacement of articulation of hip].

The groups with "compensated" and "decompensated" conditions of organism are marked out according the level of sICAM-1 and neopterin. The surgery of endoprosthesis replacement results in the development of systemic inflammation response syndrome (manifestation of hemostatic and adhesional dysfunctions of endothelium depends on pre-surgery condition of vessel wall). To forecast the risk of development of post-surgery thromboembolic and inflammatory complications it is appropriate to study the content of sICAM-1 and neopterin in pre-surgery period.

[Hemocoagulation and markers of endothelial dysfunction in endoprosthetic hip joint replacement].

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate changes in the functional activity of the vascular endothelium (by the levels of adhesion molecules) and in blood hemostatic function (plasma hemostasis, thromboelastography) in 70 patients with coxarthrosis before and after endoprosthetic hip joint replacement. The blood coagulation system was normal in the patients prior to the surgery. According to the content of adhesion molecules, there were two groups of patients: 1) those with their normal levels and 2) those with their elevated ones. Following the surgery, all the patients developed a hypercoagulation reaction in the blood coagulation system. In the patients with the normal baseline level of adhesion molecules, the latter were higher after endoprosthetic replacement and in those with their elevated baseline levels, the latter were lower.

[Changes in the activities of oxidoreductases, content of malondialdehyde and medium weight molecules in the blood of patients with craniocerebral injuries of different severity]. / Osobennosti izmenii aktivnosti oksidoreduktaz, soderzhaniia malonovogo dial'degida i molekul srednei massy v krovi bol'nykh s cherepno-mozgovoi travmoi razlichnoi stepeni tiazhesti.

Biochemical changes are determined by the severity of craniocerebral injury. Twenty-four hours after the injury the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes increases significantly in patients with brain concussion and contusion of medium severity. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity increases in patients with repeated brain concussion. The content of malonic dialdehyde is increased in patients with repeated brain concussion and decreased in severe brain contusion. The level of medium-weight molecules is increased in all patients with craniocerebral injuries. The activities of these enzymes are virtually unchanged in the patients with lethal outcomes.

[The serotonin content of the blood plasma in patients with craniocerebral trauma of varying degrees of severity]. / Soderzhanie serotonina v plazme krovi u bol'nykh s cherepno-mozgovoi travmoi razlichnoi stepeni tiazhesti.

It is shown that 24 hours after closed craniocerebral trauma plasma serotonin significantly rises in patients with moderate brain concussion and contusion. In repeated brain concussion and severe contusion these changes were absent. This may be due to biochemical maladaptation. Serotonin levels in patients with brain contusion lowered significantly 15 and 22 days after the trauma.

[Liver functional disorders in traumatic stress]. / Narusheniia funktsii pecheni pri travmaticheskom stresse.

The study conducts the analysis of liver dysfunctions in traumatic stress. The severe craniocerebral injuries, the skeletal bone injuries and the prolonged crush syndrome cause dystrophic changes of hepatocytes. The biochemical data testify the cytolytic syndrome and the liver insufficiency in patients with the traumatic disease. The hepatocytes metabolism disturbances and morphologically expressed dystrophy prove the development of the "traumatic hepatosis".

[The dynamics of aminotransferase activity in the blood plasma as a reflection of the characteristics of the pathological process in patients with craniocerebral trauma]. / Dinamika aktivnosti aminotransferaz v plazme krovi kak otrazhenie osobennostei patologicheskogo protsessa u bol'nykh s cherepno-mozgovoi travmoi.

The activity of alanin-aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) was measured in blood plasma of 103 patients with brain trauma. Sex-related differences were found. One day after the trauma ALT and AST activity rose significantly both in men and women with brain concussion, in males with mild and moderate brain contusion. In severe brain contusion the enzymes activity did not change. Eight days after the trauma AST activity significantly lowered in patients with brain concussion. No changes in aminotransferases activity one day after severe brain contusion evidence for biochemical maladaptation.

[The role of shifts in blood rheology in the genesis of thrombosis in patients with arthrosis deformans of the hip joint]. / Rol' gemoreologicheskikh sdvigov v trombozogeneze u bol'nykh deformiruiushchim artrozom tazobedrennogo sustava.

Blood rheology was studied in 83 patients with deforming coxarthrosis and 32 healthy controls. The following parameters were measured: blood viscosity, hematocrit, yield point, red cell aggregation and deformability, suspension stability. It is shown that blood rheology in coxarthrosis undergoes changes early in the disease course which progress with worsening of the patient's condition. High blood density in coxarthrosis is one of the factors responsible for postoperative thrombotic and thromboembolic complications.

[Mechanism of the anti-aggregation action of thyroxine and insulin]. / Mekhanizmy antiagregatsionnogo deistviia tiroksina i insulina.

Thyroxine and insulin inhibit the aggregation capacity of platelets. To study the mechanisms of the antiaggregation action of thyroxine and insulin, platelets obtained from patients with diffuse toxic goiter and from rabbits with experimental hyperinsulinemia were incubated with acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin. Acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin were found to suppress the aggregation activity of thyrotoxicosis patients' platelets. Acetylsalicylic acid did not inhibit the aggregation activity of platelets of the rabbits pretreated with insulin. Based on the data obtained a hypothesis is advanced according to which thyroxine inhibits the platelet aggregation, interfering with the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids of platelets (thrombocytopathy A), whereas insulin--by blocking the cyclooxygenase activity (thrombocytopathy B).