Empathic skills and theory of mind in female adolescents with conduct disorder

Objective: Most studies on conduct disorder (CD) have focused on male adolescents, disregarding analysis of this psychopathology in women. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in empathy and theory of mind (ToM) in a group of adolescent women with CD and a control group. Method: Thirty-six adolescent women were selected from an initial sample of 239 adolescents (CD group = 18, control group = 18). Empathy and ToM were evaluated through objective instruments. Mean comparisons and multivariate analysis were performed to ascertain differences between cases and controls and to propose a prediction model based on clinical status. Results: Significant differences in empathic abilities and ToM were found between the groups. The model that differentiated both groups was composed of eye-reading ability, perspective taking, and personal distress. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with previous studies. Capacity to take the other's perspective and the recognition of emotions in the face are protective factors against CD in women.

Empathic skills and theory of mind in female adolescents with conduct disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Most studies on conduct disorder (CD) have focused on male adolescents, disregarding analysis of this psychopathology in women. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in empathy and theory of mind (ToM) in a group of adolescent women with CD and a control group. METHOD: Thirty-six adolescent women were selected from an initial sample of 239 adolescents (CD group = 18, control group = 18). Empathy and ToM were evaluated through objective instruments. Mean comparisons and multivariate analysis were performed to ascertain differences between cases and controls and to propose a prediction model based on clinical status. RESULTS: Significant differences in empathic abilities and ToM were found between the groups. The model that differentiated both groups was composed of eye-reading ability, perspective taking, and personal distress. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with previous studies. Capacity to take the other's perspective and the recognition of emotions in the face are protective factors against CD in women.

Diagnóstico de Simulación de Disfunción Neurocognitiva en sujetos que presentan accidentes laborales / Simulation diagnostics of neurocognitive dysfunction in subjects that present occupational accidents

Objetivo: establecer la utilidad del Test de Simulación de la Memoria (TOMM) y las características psicométricas para determinar la Simulación de Disfunción Neurocognitiva (SND) en trabajadores que han sufrido Traumatismo Cráneo-Encefálico (TEC).Materiales y métodos: los participantes de esta investigación fueron por conveniencia.Se conformaron tres grupos no pareados, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos. El primer grupo se conformó con un total de 32 participantes que estuvieron activamente laborales antes de sufrir el TEC, mínimamente 6 meses antes de la evaluación.El segundo grupo estuvo conformado por 30 personas que ya se encontraban pensionados laboralmente y no poseían necesidades de SDN. El último grupo eran 31 participantes cognitivamente sanos, que voluntariamente desearon participar en el estudio. Resultados: el TOMM es capaz de diferenciar entre aquellas personas probables de tener SDN y de las que no lo tienen. Aplicando el punto de corte de 45 para el ensayo 2, el 92.04% de los participantes controles (81/88 participantes) y 5 de los 5 simuladores (100%) fueron correctamente identificados, lo que corresponde a una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 92%, es decir la probabilidad de clasificar correctamente a un individuo como simulador, siendo éste un real simulador es del 100%, sin embargo la probabilidad de clasificar a un individuo como simulador, sin realmente serlo, es del 8%. Conclusiones: el TOMM es una herramienta clínica de exploración que permite distinguir entre los sujetos que posiblemente presenten necesidad de obtención de ganancias secundarias a un accidente laboral...(AU)

Objetive: after a head trauma some people find themselves in a position in which they try to get some external benefits and often exaggerate some existing or made up cognitive or psychological symptoms. Purpose: To establish the usefulness of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) as well as the psychometrics to determine the Simulation of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in workers that have suffered head trauma. Method:the participants in this research were convenient.There were three non-paired groups, adults over 18 and from both sexes. The first group was made up of 32 people who were active workers before the head trauma, at least 6 months before the evaluation.The second group was made up of 30 people who were retired and had no SND needs.And the last one, were 31 people cognitively healthy who wished to participate in the study. Results: the TOMM is able to differentiate those probable people that simulate neurocognitive dysfunctions and those that do not. 45 was the point for trial 2, 92.04% of controlled participants (81/88) and 5 out of the 5 simulators (100%) were correctly identified, which corresponds to a sensibility of 100% and a specificity of 92%, thatis the probability to correctly classify an individual as a simulator, when he or she is indeed a real simulator is 100%; however, the probability of classifying an individual as a simulator without really being one is 8%. Conclusions: the TOMM is a clinicalexploration tool that allows to distinguish between the subjects that possibly present a need to obtain profits secondary to an occupational accident...(AU)