[Clinical efficacy and safety of Ethoxidol in cerebrovascular diseases]. / Klinicheskaya effektivnost' i bezopasnost' Etoksidola pri tserebrovaskulyarnykh zabolevaniyakh.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of efficacy and clinical safety of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate (Ethoxidol) in cerebrovascular disease in out-patient, and in-patient setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the observational study was included of the 70 patients (aged 62.84±6.54 y.o) diagnosed with unspecified cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive encephalopathy, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. To access neurological deficit Montreal Scale (MoCA test) was used, MFI-20 test for asthenia. Berg balancing (BBS-test), tinnitus severity score (THI), and general clinical condition score also were recorded. Quality assurance was evaluated by VAS, and EQ-VAS Scores (European life quality gr). Interventions were identical, except treated received Ethoxidol 200 mg IV once/day, or 200 mg IM once/day and 200 mg per os (400 mg/day) during 7 days, follow up by oral administration of Ethoxidol 600 mg/day (200 mg TID) for the period of 53 days. RESULTS: The results of the observational study has shown of high clinical efficacy and tolerability of the Ethoxidol therapy. Statistical significance between baseline and treatment period was recorded on the 7th and 60th day of observation (p<0.001). Stabilization of the archived condition persisted on the 60th day. Ethoxidol administration reduced asthenia cognitive dysfunction, dizziness, balance disorders, and tinnitus. CGI Score revealed reduction of the severity of patient's condition and total of clinical improvement; EQ-VAS Score showed growth of quality of life. The majority of patients were satisfied with performed therapy, attending physicians highlight Ethoxidol safety. Serious adverse events weren't recorded. CONCLUSION: Ethoxidol was considered as efficient and safe medication for in-patient and out-patient treatment of patient with cerebrovascular diseases (chronic cerebral ischemia).

[Efficacy of Mexidol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications]. / Effektivnost' preparata Meksidol u patsientov s nevrologicheskimi oslozhneniyami sakharnogo diabeta 2-go tipa.

OBJECTIVE: Complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM), depends on the severity of hypoxic tissue damage. Amelioration of hypoxic injury may improve current therapy approaches and enhance the quality of life in patient's cohort suffered from DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 pts which DM were enrolled into the study. Mexidol forte, was given IV 500 mg/day for 14 days, follow up with oral administration 250 TID. Clinical impression, neuropsychological scales and biochemical blood tests were recorded. RESULTS: Mexidol administration improved cognitive functions, decreased the level of asthenia, depressia, improved sleep disturbances, and normalized biochemical landscape. CONCLUSIONS: Mexidol administration for the period 75 days may serve as important therapeutic supplementation and considered as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with DM.

[Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia after acute ischemic stroke]. / Diagnostika i lechenie neirogennoi disfagii u bol'nykh, perenesshikh ostryi karotidnyi ishemicheskii insul't.

AIM: To determine the efficacy of post-stroke dysphagia treatment by choline alfoscerate (ChA), succinate combination (SC), and their combination with sip, larynx, and swallowing exercises. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups of primary ischemic stroke (IS) patients (n=80; 62±0.2 y.o., verified by MRI), including controls, admitted to Stroke Unit 24 h after stroke in the area of RAM (29.5%), and LAM (70.5%), were studied. Basic therapy was provided according to National Stroke Treatment Recommendations, treated groups received ChA 14 mg/kg (2st gr.), SC 0.5 mg/kg (3nd gr.), combination of two compounds (3d gr.). Controls (4th gr.) received placebo. Pharmacological treatment was provided for 10 days with continuation by oral administration. Dysphagia was measured semi-quantitively by MASA scale, three scale determinants were measured on admission, on 5 and 13 days of stay in the hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences were significant and observed on the 5th day of treatment. ChA mostly improved sip control, and larynx movements (38% above controls; p<0.01), while SC improved the closure of vocal cords (55% above controls; p<0.01). This may reflect the differences in synaptic control of these functions. Combined treatment was more effective than monotherapy: 15% above ChA, and 21% above SC for swallowing function (p=0.01); 33 and 22% for vocal closure, 37% (p=0.05) and 76% (p=0.01) for larynx movement, which may be due to synergism between two medications. Therefore, sip, larynx, and swallowing exercises with pharmacological support of ChA and SC ameliorated dysphagia after IS.

[Efficacy of the complex drug cytoflavin in the treatment of consequences of mild brain injury].

Sixty outpatients, aged 18-50 years, with mild cranial-brain trauma (brain concussion, mild brain injury), occurred 21-180 days before the enrollment in the study, were examined. Patients of the main group received cytoflavin in dose 425 mg, 2 tablets twice a day during 25 days, patients of the control group received aminalon in dose 500 mg, 2 tablets 3 times a day during 25 days. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed on days 1, 30 and 60 with the battery of neuropsychological scales. The efficacy and safety of cytoflavin in the monotherapy of patients with remote consequences of mild cranial-brain trauma was shown. The effect of cytoflavin was developed significantly more rapidly compared to aminalon. There were positive changes on scales of pain severity, psychoemotional disorders (anxiety, depression, asthenia), sleep quality, autonomic dysfunctions as well as in the performance on neurocognitive tests assessing memory, sustained attention, information processing speed, productivity. The duration of using analgesics and sedatives as add-on drugs was reduced significantly. The drug remained effective till the 60th day after the 30 day withdrawal. Side-effects of cytoflavin (the short-term rise of arterial pressure, insomnia and abdominalgia) did not last long and no additional treatment, withdrawal or reduction of cytoflavin dose was needed.

[Influence of smoking on the cerebral hemodynamics and biochemical blood indices in chronic insufficiency of brain circulation]. / Vliianie kureniia na tserebral'nuiu gemodinamiku i biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi pri khronicheskoi nedostatochnosti mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

The influence of smoking on cerebral hemodynamics and biochemical blood indices has been studied in 50 male patients with chronic insufficiency of brain circulation (CIBC), aged 40-50 years, divided into 2 groups: smoking (n=26) and nonsmoking (n=24). Smoking was shown to play a substantial role in the development of discirculatory encephalopathy with atrophic brain changes, causing metabolic disturbances (a shift of acid-basic balance towards acidosis) and microcirculation disorders due to altered cerebrovascular reactivity. These alterations develop previously to hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic arteries lesion and emerge irrespective of the presence of atherosclerotic vascular changes, atherogenic shifts of lipid metabolism, disturbances of free-radical processes and platelet aggregation.

[The permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier for superoxide dismutase following the unilateral intracarotid hyperperfusion of the cerebral vessels]. / Pronitsaemost' gematoéntsefalicheskogo bar'era dlia superoksiddismutazy posle odnostoronnei intrakarotidnoi giperperfuzii mozgovykh sosudov.

On the model of acute blood-brain barrier injury in rats after a short-term hyperperfusion of one brain hemisphere with blood, the injection of exogenic superoxide dismutase (SOD) was accompanied by pronounced increase in the activity of SOD in the damaged brain tissue. This fact and other data of the authors on this model confirm the penetration of SOD over the microvessel endothelium into the extracellular space of the same damaged brain areas that are permeable for plasma albumin.

[Age-related dynamics of energy metabolism enzymes of neurons and microvessels of the brain in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika fermentov énergeticheskogo metabolizma neironov i mikrososudov golovnogo mozga spontanno gipertenzivnykh krys.

The age changes in the activity of some enzymes in neurons and in microvessels, revealed histochemically, as well as the volume of microvessels in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats differ from these changes in the controls. At the age of 3 months the activity of these enzymes and the number of active microvessels in SH rats increased. At the age of 6 months the activity of studied enzymes in SH rats decreased, while the number of active microvessels remained constant. The correlation between the morpho-functional characteristics of brain tissue in SH rats and its greater ischemic vulnerability is assumed.