Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 7 de 7
Filtrar
1.
Biol Psychiatry ; 95(5): 426-433, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37355004

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials suggest that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) (fish oil) may reduce depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs may be a potential treatment for depression in youth. METHODS: Participants were 15- to-25 year-old individuals with major depressive disorder who sought care in one of three government-funded mental health services for young people in metropolitan Melbourne, Perth, or Sydney, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned in a double-blind, parallel-arm design to receive either fish oil (840 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 560 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo capsules as adjunct to cognitive behavioral case management. All participants were offered 50-minute cognitive behavioral case management sessions every 2 weeks delivered by qualified therapists (treatment as usual) at the study sites during the intervention period. The primary outcome was change in the interviewer-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Adolescent Version, score at 12 weeks. Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels were assessed pre-post intervention. RESULTS: A total of 233 young people were randomized to the treatment arms: 115 participants to the n-3 PUFA group and 118 to the placebo group. Mean change from baseline in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score was -5.8 in the n-3 PUFA group and -5.6 in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.2; 95% CI, -1.1 to 1.5; p = .75). Erythrocyte PUFA levels were not associated with depression severity at any time point. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This placebo-controlled trial and biomarker analysis found no evidence to support the use of fish oil for treatment in young people with major depressive disorder.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão , Administração de Caso , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Cognição
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35162409

RESUMO

In Australia, the number of young people presenting to the emergency department with mental health concerns, in particular, suicidal behaviour (defined here as suicidal ideation, thoughts, intent and attempts) is increasing. Little is known about the experiences of Australian young people who present to hospital emergency departments with suicidal behaviour. In this qualitative study, we conducted a series of focus groups with 55 young people aged 16-25 years, with a view to developing a framework for youth suicide prevention for Western Australia. The data were analysed using a general inductive analysis approach. We explored the experiences and perceptions of the care and management of 35 young people presenting to Western Australian hospital emergency departments. Participants described a range of negative experiences relating to the emergency department environment, staff attitudes and their treatment by staff. We argue that adapting ED practices and approaches to young people presenting with suicidal thoughts and behaviours based on these findings will result in lower rates of repeated presentations and admissions to hospital and lower rates of suicide attempts and deaths by suicide.


Assuntos
Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Austrália/epidemiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev ; 134: 104543, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35063494

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder have increased rates of co-occurring psychosis and/or bipolar disorder. Considering the peak age of onset for psychosis and bipolar disorder occurs in adulthood, we investigated the co-occurrence of these disorders in adults with autism. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018104600) to (1) examine the prevalence of psychosis and bipolar disorder in adults with autism, and (2) review potential risk factors associated with their co-occurrence. RESULTS: Fifty-three studies were included. The pooled prevalence for the co-occurrence of psychosis in adults with autism was 9.4 % (N = 63,657, 95 %CI = 7.52, 11.72). The pooled prevalence for the co-occurrence of bipolar disorders in adults with autism was 7.5 % (N = 31,739, 95 %CI = 5.79, 9.53). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosis and bipolar disorder occur at a substantially higher prevalence in adults with autism compared to general population estimates. While there is an overall dearth of research examining risk factors for these disorders in autism, males had increased likelihood of co-occurring psychosis, and females of co-occurring bipolar disorder. These results highlight the need for ongoing assessment and monitoring of these disorders in adults with autism.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Transtorno Bipolar , Transtornos Psicóticos , Adulto , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Transtorno Autístico/complicações , Transtorno Autístico/epidemiologia , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Transtornos Psicóticos/complicações , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia
4.
Early Interv Psychiatry ; 16(4): 419-432, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34190422

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: No biological treatment has been firmly established for the at-risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis group. METHODS: Three-arm randomized controlled trial of 405 patients (135 per arm) aged 12-25 years who meet UHR for psychosis criteria. The study includes a 6-week lead-in phase during which 10% of UHR individuals are expected to experience symptom remission. Participants will receive CBD (per oral) at doses 600 or 1000 mg per day (fixed schedule) for 12 weeks. Participants in the third arm of the trial will receive matching placebo capsules. Primary outcome is severity of positive psychotic symptoms as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States at 12 weeks. We hypothesize that CBD will be significantly more effective than placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients. All participants will also be followed up 6 months post baseline to evaluate if treatment effects are sustained. CONCLUSION: This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Cannabidiol for At Risk for psychosis Youth (CanARY) study. This study will test CBD for the first time in the UHR phase of psychotic disorder.


Assuntos
Canabidiol , Transtornos Psicóticos , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Criança , Humanos , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem
5.
Contemp Clin Trials ; 102: 106268, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33421648

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Young adults who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual and other diverse genders and sexualities (LGBTQIA+) are more likely to experience mental health difficulties and are at significantly elevated risk of substance abuse, self-harm and suicide, relative to their heterosexual, endosex and cisgender peers. There is a need for effective mental health interventions for LGBTQIA+ young adults. Mindful Self-Compassion training is a promising approach; among LGBTQIA+ individuals, self-compassion accounts for more variation in mental health outcomes than bullying, victimization, and adverse childhood experiences combined. Furthermore, LGBTQIA+ individuals with high self-compassion report more positive identity and happiness, less self-stigma, and lower suicidality than those with low self-compassion. METHOD: This paper outlines the rationale and protocol for a single-blind CONSORT-compliant randomised controlled trial, comparing group Mindful Self-Compassion to a delayed-treatment waitlist control group, for improving mental health, decreasing self-criticism and increasing self-compassion in LGBTQIA+ young adults (age 18-25 years). Mindful Self-Compassion training is an 8-week group program that focuses on cultivating self-compassion and mindfulness. While typically delivered as a face-to-face program, the proposed trial will investigate efficacy of the program when provided via videoconferencing. DISCUSSION: Videoconference Mindful Self-Compassion training has the potential to improve the mental health of Australian LGBTQIA+ young adults and provide a possible cost-effective, scalable intervention for this population. The proposed trial will be the first to determine its efficacy for LGBTQIA+ young adults and will provide the first data on the delivery of the program via videoconferencing.


Assuntos
Atenção Plena , Adolescente , Adulto , Austrália , Empatia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Vis ; 17(3): 5, 2017 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28265653

RESUMO

Gaze direction is a dynamic social signal that provides real-time insight into another person's focus of attention. Gaze adaptation induces aftereffects in the perception of gaze in subsequent faces, typically biasing it away from the adapted direction. Previous studies found that such gaze direction aftereffects persist for about 7 min when repeatedly tested immediately after adaptation, but can survive at least 24 hr when there is no testing immediately after adaptation. These findings suggest that exposure to test faces after adaptation might affect the persistence of gaze direction aftereffects more than the passing of time. The present study systematically established the contributions of time and intervening testing on the longevity of gaze direction aftereffects. Aftereffects were induced and then traced over six postadaptation tests. Participants were assigned to four groups with a delay of either 30 s, 3 min, 5.5 min, or 8 min between adaptation and the first postadaptation test. Aftereffects were strongly affected by the number of preceding postadaptation tests, but unaffected by the delay between adaptation and test, revealing that face exposure affects the longevity of aftereffects more strongly than the passing of time, at least over the time frame studied here. Our findings suggest that exposure to a substantial number of faces with an unbiased distribution of gaze directions may be necessary to overcome gaze direction aftereffects.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Pós-Efeito de Figura/fisiologia , Percepção do Tempo/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Luminosa , Adulto Jovem
7.
Nurs Stand ; 25(46): 49, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21894676
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...